Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R0289 |
| Source ID: | DB00982 |
| Source Type: | approved |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Isotretinoin |
| Synonyms: | |
| Molecular Formula: | C20H28O2 |
| SMILES: | C\C(\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C\C(O)=O |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Isotretinoin is a retinoid derivative of vitamin A used in the treatment of severe recalcitrant acne.[Label] It was most widely marketed under the brand name Accutane, which has since been discontinued.[L6574] Isotretinoin is associated with major risks in pregnancy and so it is only available under the iPLEDGE program in the United States.[L6579] The first isotretinoin containing product was FDA approved on 7 May 1982.[L6574] |
| CAS Number: | 4759-48-2 |
| Molecular Weight: | 300.4351 |
| DrugBank Indication: | Isotretinoin is indicated to treat severe recalcitrant nodular acne and patients ≥12 years enrolled in the iPLEDGE program.[Label,L6579] |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | The pharmacodynamics of isotretinoin are poorly understood.[Label] |
| DrugBank MoA: | Isotretinoin produces its effects through altering progress through the cell cycle, cell differentiation, survival, and apoptosis.[A179091] These actions reduce sebum production, preventing the blockage of pores, and growth of acne causing bacteria.[A179091] Isotretinoin and 4-oxo-isotretinoin both significantly reduce the production of sebum.[A179091,Label] Isotretinoin has little to no affinity for retinol binding proteins (RBPs) and retinoic acid nuclear receptors (RARs).[A179091] Tretinoin and 4-oxo-tretinion bind to the RAR-γ receptor, which is suspected to be part of the action of acne treatment by isotretinoin.[A179091] Isotretinoin induces apoptosis in sebocytes, leading to a decrease in sebum production.[A179091] Isotretinoin also reduces the formation of comedones by reducing hyperkeratinization through an unknown mechanism.[A179091] Isotretinoin does not directly kill bacteria but it does reduce the size of sebum ducts and makes the microenvironment less hospitable to acne causing bacteria.[A179091] It may also increase immune mechanisms and alter chemotaxis of monocytes to reduce inflammation.[A179091] There is preliminary evidence suggesting isotretinoin may interact with FoxO1, which may explain a substantial number of isotretinoin's unexplained actions.[A179122] |
| Targets: | Retinoic acid receptor gamma; Retinoic acid receptor alpha |
| Inclusion Criteria: |
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