Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R0388 |
| Source ID: | DB01436 |
| Source Type: | approved; nutraceutical |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Alfacalcidol |
| Synonyms: | |
| Molecular Formula: | C27H44O2 |
| SMILES: | CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@@]2([H])\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Alfacalcidol is an active metabolite of Vitamin D, which performs important functions in regulation of the calcium balance and the bone metabolism. Alfacalcidol is Vitamin D-hormone analog which is activated by the enzyme 25-hydroxylase in the liver for systemic and in osteoblasts for local D-hormone actions. It possesses a unique pattern of pleiotropic effects on, e.g. gut, bone, pararthyroids, muscle and brain. Alfacalcidol is superior to plain vitamin D (cholecalciferol) because the final kidney activation of the latter is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. [A175348,A175351] |
| CAS Number: | 41294-56-8 |
| Molecular Weight: | 400.6371 |
| DrugBank Indication: | Indicated for the management of hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and osteodystrophy in patients with chronic renal failure.[label] |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Alfacalcidol is Vitamin D-hormone analog which is activated by the enzyme 25-hydroxylase in the liver for systemic and in osteoblasts for local D-hormone actions. |
| DrugBank MoA: | The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by: increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein. |
| Targets: | Vitamin D3 receptor; 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial; Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha |
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