Investigational Drug Details
| Drug ID: | D021 |
| Drug Name: | Glutamic acid |
| Synonyms: | |
| Type: | small molecule |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00142 |
| DrugBank Description: | A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid. |
| PubChem ID: | 33032 |
| CasNo: | 56-86-0 |
| Repositioning for NAFLD: | Yes |
| SMILES: | N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O |
| Structure: |
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| InChiKey: | WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N |
| Molecular Weight: | 147.1293 |
| DrugBank Targets: | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1; Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5; Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7; Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8; Excitatory amino acid transporter 5; 5-oxoprolinase; Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase; Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D; Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial; Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase; Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]; Glutamine synthetase; Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic; Tyrosine aminotransferase; Alanine aminotransferase 1; Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase; Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Excitatory amino acid transporter 2; Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial; GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]; Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1; Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial; Glutamyl aminopeptidase; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C; Probable glutamate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase; N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial; Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A; Alanine aminotransferase 2; Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial; Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial; Aspartyl aminopeptidase; Cystine/glutamate transporter; Carboxypeptidase Q; Phosphoserine aminotransferase; Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1; Glutamate receptor 1; Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit; Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2; Glutamate decarboxylase 2; Glutamate decarboxylase 1; Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase; Glutamate receptor 2; Glutamate receptor 3; Glutamate receptor 4; Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3; NA |
| DrugBank MoA: | Glutamate activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The ionotropic ones being non-NMDA (AMPA and kainate) and NMDA receptors. Free glutamic acid cannot cross the blood-brain barrier in appreciable quantities; instead it is converted into L-glutamine, which the brain uses for fuel and protein synthesis. It is conjectured that glutamate is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain, though excessive amounts may cause neuronal damage associated in diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease. Also, the drug phencyclidine (more commonly known as PCP) antagonizes glutamate at the NMDA receptor, causing behavior reminiscent of schizophrenia. Glutamate in action is extremely difficult to study due to its transient nature. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | In addition to being one of the building blocks in protein synthesis, it is the most widespread neurotransmitter in brain function, as an excitatory neurotransmitter and as a precursor for the synthesis of GABA in GABAergic neurons. |
| DrugBank Indication: | Considered to be nature's "Brain food" by improving mental capacities; helps speed the healing of ulcers; gives a "lift" from fatigue; helps control alcoholism, schizophrenia and the craving for sugar. |
| Targets: | |
| Therapeutic Category: | |
| Clinical Trial Progress: | |
| Latest Progress: |
| Trial ID | Source ID | Phases | Status | Study Results | Start Date | Last Update Posted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L4678 | NCT03495102 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2018-04-05 | 2020-06-12 | Details |
| L5415 | NCT01416649 | COMPLETED | NO | 2011-02-01 | 2023-04-26 | Details | |
| L5643 | NCT00562952 | PHASE2|PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2007-11 | 2012-05-03 | Details |
| L5653 | NCT02215200 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2014-12 | 2020-03-02 | Details |
| L5831 | NCT05259033 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2022-04-11 | 2025-01-17 | Details |
| L5944 | NCT04272359 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2019-05-06 | 2021-09-28 | Details | |
| L6949 | NCT03281083 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | NO | 2014-03-28 | 2017-09-14 | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T25 | Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 | SLC2A4 | Target is a single protein chain | P14672 | SLC2A4_HUMAN | Details | |
| T03 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | ACE | INHIBITOR | Target is a single protein chain | P12821 | ACE_HUMAN | Details |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs |
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