Investigational Drug Details
| Drug ID: | D026 |
| Drug Name: | Creatine |
| Synonyms: | |
| Type: | small molecule |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00148 |
| DrugBank Description: | An amino acid derivative that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as creatinine in the urine. |
| PubChem ID: | 586 |
| CasNo: | 57-00-1 |
| Repositioning for NAFLD: | Yes |
| SMILES: | CN(CC(O)=O)C(N)=N |
| Structure: |
|
| InChiKey: | CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Molecular Weight: | 131.1332 |
| DrugBank Targets: | Creatine kinase M-type; Creatine kinase U-type, mitochondrial; Creatine kinase B-type; Creatine kinase S-type, mitochondrial; Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1; Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase |
| DrugBank MoA: | In the muscles, a fraction of the total creatine binds to phosphate - forming creatine phosphate. The reaction is catalysed by creatine kinase, and the result is phosphocreatine (PCr). Phosphocreatine binds with adenosine diphosphate to convert it back to ATP (adenosine triphosphate), an important cellular energy source for short term ATP needs prior to oxidative phosphorylation. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Creatine is a essential, non-proteinaceous amino acid derivative found in all animals. It is synthesized in the kidney, liver, and pancreas from L-arginine, glycine and L-methionine. Following its biosynthesis, creatine is transported to the skeletal muscle, heart, brain and other tissues. Most of the creatine is metabolized in these tissues to phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate). Phosphocreatine is a major energy storage form in the body. Supplemental creatine may have an energy-generating action during anaerobic exercise and may also have neuroprotective and cardioprotective actions. |
| DrugBank Indication: | For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. |
| Targets: | |
| Therapeutic Category: | |
| Clinical Trial Progress: | |
| Latest Progress: |
| Trial ID | Source ID | Phases | Status | Study Results | Start Date | Last Update Posted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L0003 | NCT03425708 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2017-01-01 | 2018-02-07 | Details |
| L0075 | NCT02681991 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | NO | 2016-01 | 2017-07-06 | Details |
| L0090 | NCT03361280 | PHASE1|PHASE2 | COMPLETED | NO | 2015-02-27 | 2017-12-04 | Details |
| L0473 | NCT01493024 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2011-11-30 | 2018-06-29 | Details |
| L0478 | NCT05691257 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2023-02-01 | 2023-01-20 | Details |
| L0629 | NCT06239129 | COMPLETED | NO | 2006-01-01 | 2024-02-02 | Details | |
| L0656 | NCT00369733 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | NO | 2002-05 | 2010-02-19 | Details |
| L0777 | NCT01890577 | TERMINATED | YES | 2013-04 | 2016-07-12 | Details | |
| L0960 | NCT01502137 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NO | 2005-06 | 2017-01-24 | Details |
| L1042 | NCT01722513 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2012-11 | 2012-11-07 | Details |
| L1048 | NCT02397395 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | NO | 2015-05 | 2015-07-17 | Details |
| L1107 | NCT01528176 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2010-11 | 2012-02-14 | Details | |
| L1140 | NCT01238796 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NO | 2010-12 | 2019-01-15 | Details |
| L1249 | NCT02459288 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2014-01 | 2015-06-02 | Details |
| L1313 | NCT00717366 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2008-07 | 2017-09-08 | Details |
| L1324 | NCT00686751 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | NO | 2004-12 | 2009-05-13 | Details |
| L1441 | NCT02806362 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | NO | 2016-09 | 2016-12-05 | Details |
| L1532 | NCT00442702 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2007-09 | 2011-12-19 | Details |
| L1563 | NCT02414204 | COMPLETED | YES | 2015-04 | 2019-08-12 | Details | |
| L1583 | NCT01214395 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2010-06 | 2012-08-03 | Details |
| L1720 | NCT00454350 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | NO | 2007-02 | 2015-05-05 | Details |
| L2275 | NCT05365425 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | NO | 2023-06-01 | 2024-05-01 | Details |
| L2324 | NCT04284722 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2020-02 | 2020-02-26 | Details |
| L2423 | NCT02516657 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2012-05 | 2022-03-09 | Details |
| L2439 | NCT00662857 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2008-04 | 2014-10-16 | Details |
| L2460 | NCT00846391 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | YES | 2008-12 | 2016-02-05 | Details |
| L2518 | NCT00325429 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2006-04 | 2009-01-07 | Details |
| L2607 | NCT01974544 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2013-05 | 2013-11-01 | Details | |
| L2763 | NCT05324462 | COMPLETED | NO | 2022-03-22 | 2022-11-09 | Details | |
| L2794 | NCT01928329 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2013-09 | 2020-03-19 | Details |
| L3143 | NCT05328726 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NO | 2022-03-08 | 2023-03-23 | Details |
| L3149 | NCT00639457 | COMPLETED | YES | 2005-01 | 2013-10-23 | Details | |
| L3264 | NCT04657939 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | NO | 2020-12-01 | 2023-02-27 | Details |
| L3477 | NCT01455922 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | NO | 2013-02 | 2012-12-25 | Details |
| L3678 | NCT01101269 | TERMINATED | NO | 2010-02 | 2017-05-12 | Details | |
| L3766 | NCT02462369 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2015-06 | 2015-07-28 | Details |
| L3800 | NCT02802644 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2016-06 | 2016-06-16 | Details |
| L3914 | NCT02373150 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NO | 2015-02 | 2017-02-10 | Details |
| L3957 | NCT03881995 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | NO | 2019-03-18 | 2020-07-10 | Details |
| L4002 | NCT01150981 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2006-11 | 2012-03-26 | Details |
| L4128 | NCT00543816 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | NO | 2003-08 | 2015-06-23 | Details |
| L4186 | NCT04774224 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | NO | 2020-10-30 | 2024-12-03 | Details |
| L4324 | NCT01449019 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NO | 2006-12 | 2011-10-07 | Details |
| L4395 | NCT03738449 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NO | 2019-01-08 | 2019-02-21 | Details |
| L4427 | NCT02497313 | COMPLETED | NO | 2015-07 | 2017-05-03 | Details | |
| L4429 | NCT01495013 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2011-12 | 2016-11-21 | Details |
| L4623 | NCT01836523 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2013-11 | 2017-03-06 | Details |
| L4699 | NCT05067621 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | NO | 2023-07-17 | 2024-07-29 | Details |
| L5377 | NCT03878459 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | NO | 2019-08-08 | 2025-02-28 | Details |
| L5383 | NCT02932475 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | YES | 2017-05-25 | 2023-06-26 | Details |
| L5547 | NCT02985242 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | NO | 2017-06-12 | 2018-09-27 | Details |
| L5586 | NCT06327815 | PHASE4 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | NO | 2024-03-15 | 2025-02-25 | Details |
| L6111 | NCT02443922 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2015-06 | 2015-05-14 | Details | |
| L6200 | NCT01544309 | COMPLETED | YES | 2012-03 | 2015-03-17 | Details | |
| L6283 | NCT02377388 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2017-02-07 | 2020-08-28 | Details |
| L6343 | NCT00562133 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2006-12 | 2007-11-21 | Details |
| L6549 | NCT00843388 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2009-03 | 2009-02-13 | Details |
| L6812 | NCT05510245 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | YES | 2022-08-29 | 2024-11-05 | Details |
| L6907 | NCT00527397 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | YES | 2007-08 | 2009-10-15 | Details |
| L6958 | NCT01537497 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NO | 2012-03 | 2012-07-10 | Details |
| L7053 | NCT05542147 | RECRUITING | NO | 2022-07-03 | 2024-01-22 | Details | |
| L7060 | NCT02303405 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | YES | 2014-11 | 2022-10-20 | Details |
| L7148 | NCT03596177 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2018-09-26 | 2023-01-19 | Details |
| L7164 | NCT00434954 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2007-02 | 2015-04-07 | Details |
| L7208 | NCT05641753 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | NO | 2022-12-06 | 2025-03-03 | Details |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S14 | immunotherapy | immunosuppressants; immunosuppressive medications; immunosuppression; Immunotherapy; immunosuppressive treatments; Immunosuppressive therapy; immune-suppressive medications; Anti-inflammatory; Immunotherapy; Standard CNI-based mammalian target of rapamycin-free immunosuppression; Immunosuppression; steroid-sparing immunosuppressive protocols; Immunoadsorption; immunosuppressive therapy; Anti-inflammatory; Immunosuppressive; Immunosuppressive treatment; Immunoregulation; Immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide (CTX); Anti-inflammatory; Immunotherapy; Anti-hypertensive; Immunosuppressive treatment; Anti-hypertensive; Immunization with PTX3 to incite anti-PTX3 antibodies; immunosuppressive drugs; Immunotherapy (predizone; immunosuppressive therapies; Enhanced immunosuppressive treatment; Immunosuppressant therapy; checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) immunotherapy plus conventional chemotherapy; [Immunotherapy; targeting the mucosal immune system dysregulation underlying IgAN pathogenesis with a pH-modified formulation of budesonide; immunosuppression (primarily glucocorticoids); immunosuppressors; systemic immunosuppressant; Immunotherapy (rituximab); Intravenous immunoglobulins; Immunotherapy; Anti-inflammatory; other immunosuppressives; Immunotherapy; Genetic therapy; 'classical' immunosuppressive drugs; Immunotherapy (anti-PD1 antibodies: nivolumab or pembrolizumab); corticosteroids plus immunosuppressant; immunosuppressive agents; immunosuppressive regimen; immunosuppressive drugs; immunosuppressive therapy; Immunosuppressive intervention | angiotensin receptor; IL-2; calcineurin; CD20; FGF23; C5; PLA2R; CD20; JNK; ERK; MAPK; NLRP3; PLA2R; IL-6; B cells; IL-17; PD-1; Smad2/3; p38 MAPK; C3 | ACE-Is; ARBs; steroids; immunosuppressants; immunosuppressive medications; steroids; immunosuppression; ustekinumab; immunosuppressant; immunosuppressive treatments; corticosteroids; immune-suppressive medications; immunosuppressive medications; rituximab; RTX; IL-2; prednisolone; methotrexate; eldecalcitol; teriparatide; denosumab; calcineurin inhibitors; Sirolimus; ofatumumab; rituximab; calcineurin inhibitors; antiproliferative agents; prednisone; IVIg; SCIg; 5-aminosalicylates; azathioprine; methotrexate; Triptolide; immunosuppressants; corticosteroids; glucocorticoid; vitamin D supplementation; active vitamin D; oral phosphate; magnesium supplementation; recombinant human growth hormone; alemtuzumab; Recombinant thrombomodulin; Yi-Qi-Qing-Jie formula; prednisolone; cyclophosphamide; rituximab; steroids; mycophenolate mofetil; tacrolimus; basiliximab; antithymocyte globulins; valganciclovir; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers; Eculizumab; immunosuppressive therapy; Rituximab; steroids; cyclosporine; ofatumumab; rituximab; monoclonal antibodies; humanized anti-CD20 therapies; ofatumumab; methylprednisolone; cyclophosphamide; tripterygium wilfordii multiglycosides; prednisone; Belimumab; Benlysta; steroids; corticosteroids; immunosuppressive medication; methylprednisolone; prednisolone; mycophenolate mofetil; cyclosporine A; cyclophosphamide; rituximab; azathioprine; tacrolimus; Tris dipalladium; Tris DBA; Denosumab; cyclophosphamide; Tacrolimus; glucocorticoid; Ustekinumab; infliximab; steroid; prednisolone; mizoribine; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; steroids; cyclophosphamide; ACEI; eculizumab; steroid; steroids; immunosuppressants; PF-06730512; intravenous immunoglobulins; glucocorticoids; cyclophosphamide; azathioprine; Iguratimod; prednisone; denosumab; human recombinant PTX3; Rituximab; steroids; calcineurin inhibitors; ofatumumab; immunosuppressive drugs; prednizone; cyclosporine A; enoxaparine; Tocilizumab; Lenalidomide; anthracycline; prednisolone; prednisolone; mycophenolate mofetil; cyclophosphamide; Mycophenolic acid; MPA; enhanced immunosuppressive treatment; corticosteroids; cyclophosphamide; RAAS blockers; immunosuppression; herbal medication; herbal supplement; IV cyclophosphamide; steroids; cyclosporine; sirolimus; steroid; immunosuppressants; corticosteroids; cyclophosphamide; tofacitinib; FTY720; SEW2871; TY52156; renin angiotensin system inhibitors; corticosteroids; immunosuppressant; Checkpoint inhibitor; conventional chemotherapy; corticosteroids; anti-IL-12/23 p40 antibody; abatacept; budesonide; corticosteroid; rituximab (RTX; anti-CD20); belimumab (BLM; anti-BAFF); prednisolone; rituximab; cyclophosphamide; mycophenolate mofetil; glucocorticoids; immune checkpoint inhibitors; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers; diuretics; corticosteroids; rituximab; immunosuppressive treatment; methylprednisolone; intravenous immunoglobulin; corticosteroids; immunosuppressors; systemic immunosuppressant; rituximab; steroids; tacrolimus; cyclosporine; cyclophosphamide; mycophenolate mofetil; Intravenous immunoglobulins; Rituximab; glucocorticoid; cyclophosphamide; immunosuppressants; certolizumab pegol; methotrexate; infliximab; rituximab; corticosteroids; cyclophosphamide; cyclophosphamide; cyclo; rituximab; belimumab; cyclophosphamide; glucocorticoids; steroid; pulse methylprednisolone; cyclophosphamide; cyclosporine; mycophenolate mofetil; rituximab; abatacept; Campath; IV steroid; IV antibiotics; clindamycin; corticosteroids; mycophenolate mofetil; other immunosuppressives; ecluzimab; Infliximab; corticosteroids; secukinumab; prednisolone; methylprednisolone; Cyclophosphamide; miR-10a-3p agomir; miR-10a-3p antagomir; REG3A low expression vector; rituximab; corticosteroids; ""'classical' immunosuppressive drugs; Janus kinase inhibitors""; antiviral medications; corticosteroid; cyclophosphamide; mycophenolate mofetil; nivolumab; pembrolizumab; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors; proton-pump inhibitors; corticosteroids; corticosteroids; immunosuppressant; tacrolimus; mycophenolate mofetil; tocilizumab; high dose corticosteroids; glucocorticoids; immunosuppressants; cyclosporine; rituximab; intravenous immunoglobulins; IVIg; methylprednisolone; cyclophosphamide; glucocorticoids; cyclophosphamides; steroids; immunosuppressive drugs; immunosuppressive; rituximab; nivolumab; daratumumab; bortezomib; melphalan; prednisone; thalidomide | Details |
| Article ID | PMID | Source | Title |
|---|