| Drug ID: | D363 |
| Drug Name: | Dexamethasone |
| Synonyms: |
|
| Type: | small molecule |
| DrugBank ID: |
DB01234
|
| DrugBank Description: |
Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions.[L10701] Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like [hydrocortisone] and [prednisolone].[A188724,A188724]
Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958.[L10695]
|
| PubChem ID: |
5743
|
| CasNo: |
50-02-2
|
| Repositioning for NAFLD: |
Yes
|
| SMILES: |
[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]12C
|
| Structure: |
|
| InChiKey: |
UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N
|
| Molecular Weight: |
392.4611
|
| DrugBank Targets: |
Glucocorticoid receptor; Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1; Annexin A1; Nitric oxide synthase, inducible; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
|
| DrugBank MoA: |
The short term effects of corticosteroids are decreased vasodilation and permeability of capillaries, as well as decreased leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation.[A187463] Corticosteroids binding to the glucocorticoid receptor mediates changes in gene expression that lead to multiple downstream effects over hours to days.[A187463]
Glucocorticoids inhibit neutrophil apoptosis and demargination; they inhibit phospholipase A2, which decreases the formation of arachidonic acid derivatives; they inhibit NF-Kappa B and other inflammatory transcription factors; they promote anti-inflammatory genes like interleukin-10.[A187463]
Lower doses of corticosteroids provide an anti-inflammatory effect, while higher doses are immunosuppressive.[A187463] High doses of glucocorticoids for an extended period bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor, raising sodium levels and decreasing potassium levels.[A187463]
|
| DrugBank Pharmacology: |
Corticosteroids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor, inhibiting pro-inflammatory signals, and promoting anti-inflammatory signals.[A187463] Dexamethasone's duration of action varies depending on the route.[L10698,L10701,L10704,L10707,L10710,L10713,L10716,L10719,L10722,L10725] Corticosteroids have a wide therapeutic window as patients may require doses that are multiples of what the body naturally produces.[A187463] Patients taking corticosteroids should be counselled regarding the risk of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression and increased susceptibility to infections.[A187463]
|
| DrugBank Indication: |
Dexamethasone and [ciprofloxacin] otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa.[L10698] Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions.[L10701] Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma.[L10710] An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye.[L10719] Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.[L10704,L10707,L10713,L10716,L10722,L10725]
|
| Targets: |
|
| Therapeutic Category: |
|
| Clinical Trial Progress: |
|
| Latest Progress: |
|
