Investigational Drug Details
| Drug ID: | D038 |
| Drug Name: | Isoleucine |
| Synonyms: | |
| Type: | small molecule |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00167 |
| DrugBank Description: | An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of leucine. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels. |
| PubChem ID: | 6306 |
| CasNo: | 73-32-5 |
| Repositioning for NAFLD: | Yes |
| SMILES: | CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O |
| Structure: |
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| InChiKey: | AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N |
| Molecular Weight: | 131.1729 |
| DrugBank Targets: | Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic; Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial |
| DrugBank MoA: | (Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine) <br/>This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates. <br/>The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic. <br/>There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | They provide ingredients for the manufacturing of other essential biochemical components in the body, some of which are utilized for the production of energy, stimulants to the upper brain and helping you to be more alert. |
| DrugBank Indication: | The branched-chain amino acids may have antihepatic encephalopathy activity in some. They may also have anticatabolic and antitardive dyskinesia activity. |
| Targets: | |
| Therapeutic Category: | |
| Clinical Trial Progress: | |
| Latest Progress: |
| Trial ID | Source ID | Phases | Status | Study Results | Start Date | Last Update Posted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L4771 | NCT00832390 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | YES | 2007-02-14 | 2017-05-30 | Details |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs |
|---|
| Article ID | PMID | Source | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A00049 | 12788852 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab | Association of I27L polymorphism of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha gene with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. | Details |
| A00053 | 1314826 | J Biol Chem | Substitution of isoleucine for methionine at position 1153 in the beta-subunit of the human insulin receptor. A mutation that impairs receptor tyrosine kinase activity, receptor endocytosis, and insulin action. | Details |
| A00117 | 1890161 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab | A mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor associated with insulin resistance in an obese woman. | Details |
| A00186 | 32939031 | Genet Med | Clinical impact of genomic testing in patients with suspected monogenic kidney disease. | Details |
| A00188 | 33141305 | Clin Exp Nephrol | Effect of tolvaptan on renal involvement in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease according to different gene mutations. | Details |
| A00199 | 39783822 | J Med Econ | Cost-effectiveness of finerenone therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes in England & Wales: results of the FINE-CKD model. | Details |