| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) (absolute value), Percent incorporation of newly synthesized fatty acids into plasma or very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride (TG) during pancreatic clamp procedures. (Unit: %), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) (relative value), Percent incorporation of newly synthesized fatty acids into plasma or VLDL TG during pancreatic clamp procedures. (Unit: fold difference and/or ∆% versus other group), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Endogenous glucose production (EGP) (absolute value), Calculated from D2G tracer enrichment by the Steele equations during pancreatic clamp procedures. (Units: mg/kg/min), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Endogenous glucose production (EGP) (relative value), Calculated from D2G tracer enrichment by the Steele equations during pancreatic clamp procedures. (Units: fold difference and/or ∆% versus other group), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Plasma glucose level, Plasma glucose level during pancreatic clamp procedures. (Units: mg/dL), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Serum insulin level, Serum insulin level during pancreatic clamp procedures (Units: µU/mL), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol | Secondary: Serum or plasma triglyceride level, Serum or plasma triglyceride level in response to pancreatic clamp procedures (Units: mg/dL), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Plasma free fatty acids level, Plasma free fatty acids level in response to pancreatic clamp procedures. (Units: mmol/L), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Glucose kinetics: rate of appearance (absolute value), Calculated from D2G tracer enrichment by the Steele equations during pancreatic clamp procedures. (Units: mg/kg/min), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Glucose kinetics: rate of appearance (relative value), Calculated from D2G tracer enrichment by the Steele equations during pancreatic clamp procedures. (Units: fold difference and/or ∆% versus other group), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Glucose kinetics: rate of disappearance (absolute value), Calculated from D2G tracer enrichment by the Steele equations during pancreatic clamp procedures. (Units: mg/kg/min), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Glucose kinetics: rate of disappearance (relative value), Calculated from D2G tracer enrichment by the Steele equations during pancreatic clamp procedures. (Units: fold difference and/or ∆% versus other group), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol | Other: Serum C-peptide level, Serum C-peptide level in response to octreotide infusion during pancreatic clamps. (Units: ng/mL), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Plasma glucagon level, Plasma glucagon level in response to octreotide infusion during pancreatic clamps. (Units: ng/L), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol|Serum growth hormone level, Serum growth hormone level in response to octreotide infusion during pancreatic clamps. (Units: ng/mL), Up to 6.5 hours of pancreatic clamp protocol
|
