| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: Total Disposition Index, Total Disposition Index (DI) is a calculated value which represents the ability of a person's pancreas to lower blood glucose. A higher number means the pancreas is better able to lower blood glucose and a lower number means the pancreas is less able to lower blood glucose., Baseline, 12 weeks | Secondary: Total Fasting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Concentration, GLP-1 is thought to increase insulin secretion and was measured in the blood and reported in picomoles per liter., Baseline, 12 weeks|Plasma Glucose Concentration, Fasting glucose concentrations were measured at baseline and 2 hours post-meal using the glucose oxidase method., Baseline, 12 Weeks|Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), HbA1c is the percent of red blood cell hemoglobin with glucose attached to it and an indicator of average blood glucose over the previous two to three months., Baseline, 12 weeks|Insulin Concentration, Fasting insulin levels were measured in the plasma using a chemiluminescence assay and is reported in nanomoles over 6 hours., Baseline, 12 Weeks|Fasting Endogenous Glucose Production (EGP), EGP was measured using a triple-tracer mixed meal and calculated using the Steele's model, reported in micromoles per kilogram per minute., Baseline, 12 Weeks|Rate of Meal Glucose Appearance (Meal Ra), Meal Ra was measured using a triple-tracer mixed meal and reported in micromols in 6 hours. Meal derived glucose is a function of both gastric emptying and splanchnic meal extraction. Meal Ra was calculated by multiplying rate of appearance of \[1-\^13C\] glucose (obtained from the infusion rate of \[6-\^3H\] glucose and the clamped plasma ratio of \[6-\^3H\] glucose and \[1-\^13C\] glucose) by the meal enrichment., Baseline, 12 Weeks|Rate of Meal Glucose Disappearance (Meal Rd), Meal Rd is the rate at which glucose leaves the systemic circulation. It was measured using a triple-tracer mixed meal and reported in micromols over 6 hours. Meal Rd was calculated by subtracting the change in glucose mass from the overall rate of glucose appearance (i.e., meal Ra + EGP)., Baseline, 12 Weeks|Lipid Values, Lipids are fat-like substances in the blood., Baseline, 12 weeks
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