| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: The Percentage of Insulin-independent Patients Following Single Infusion Islet Cell Transplantation at Day 75 +/- 5, Insulin-independence was defined as freedom from the need to take exogenous insulin for 14 or more consecutive days, with adequate glycemic control, as defined by: * HbA1c level of less than 7%; * glucose level after an overnight fast not exceeding 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) more than 3 times a week (based on measuring capillary glucose level a minimum of 7 times in a 7-day period); * glucose level not exceeding 2-hour postprandial levels of 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) more than 4 times a week (based on measuring capillary glucose level a minimum of 21 times in a 7-day period)., day 75 +/- 5 post-transplant | Other: The Percentage of Insulin-independent Patients Following Islet Cell Transplantation up to One Year After the Last Transplant, Insulin-independence was defined as freedom from the need to take exogenous insulin for 14 or more consecutive days, with adequate glycemic control, as defined by: * HbA1c level of less than 7%; * glucose level after an overnight fast not exceeding 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) more than 3 times a week (based on measuring capillary glucose level a minimum of 7 times in a 7-day period); * glucose level not exceeding 2-hour postprandial levels of 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) more than 4 times a week (based on measuring capillary glucose level a minimum of 21 times in a 7-day period)., up to one year after the transplant|Time to Achieve Insulin-independence After the Transplant 2, Time to achieve insulin-independence after the transplant was defined as the number of days between islet infusion and onset of insulin-independence. This was calculated as: date of onset of insulin-independence minus the islet infusion date., up to 1 year after transplant 2|Total Time of Insulin Independence After the Transplant, Total time of insulin-independence after the transplant. This was defined as the number of days between the onset and loss of insulin-independence and was calculated as the date of loss of insulin-independence minus the date of onset of insulin-independence. Of the 3 patients who achieve insulin-independence after transplant 2, only 2 remained insulin-independent up to 1 year and the mean (SD) total time of insulin-independence after the second transplant was 276 (96.2) days with a range between 208 and 344 days., up to 1 year after transplant 2|Absolute Change in Average Daily Insulin Requirements From Pre-transplant Levels, Daily insulin requirement was calculated as the average requirement over the previous week (seven days)., Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|Percentage Change in Average Daily Insulin Requirements From Pre-transplant Levels, Daily insulin requirement was calculated as the average requirement over the previous week (seven days)., Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|Absolute Change in Fasted HbA1c From Pre-transplant Levels, The absolute change between the time-point value and baseline value., Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|Percentage Change in Fasted HbA1c From Pre-transplant Levels, The absolute percentage between the time-point value and baseline value., Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|The Percentage of Patients Free of Hypoglycaemic Events With Reduced Awareness, Reduced awareness is defined as a reduced ability to recognize symptoms of hypoglycemia, sometimes referred to as "hypoglycemia unawareness"., Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|Number of Participants With Adverse Events by Severity and With Serious Adverse Events, Safety was assessed by monitoring the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) throughout the study up to 1 year after last transplant. A serious adverse event is an adverse reaction that results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalisation or prolongation of existing hospitalisation, results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, or is a birth defect., up to 1 year after transplant|AUC (-10 to 120 Minutes Post-dose) of Glucose Derived From Mixed Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 Months Post-transplant, Glucose level reflects the metabolic control. The MMTT was performed after an overnight fast, at baseline (within 1 week prior to randomization), and at each of the following timepoints. AUC was calculated using the trapezoidal rule., -10 to 120 Minutes Post-dose at Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|AUC (-10 to 120 Minutes Post-dose) of C-peptide Derived From Mixed Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 Months Post-transplant, C-peptide level is an indirect measure of pancreatic beta-cell function. The MMTT was performed after an overnight fast, at baseline (within 1 week prior to randomization), and at each of the following timepoints. AUC was calculated using the trapezoidal rule., -10 to 120 Minutes Post-dose at Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|AUC (-10 to 120 Minutes Post-dose) of Insulin Derived From Mixed Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 Months Post-transplant, Insulin level is a direct measure of pancreatic beta-cell function. The MMTT was performed after an overnight fast, at baseline (within 1 week prior to randomization), and at each of the following timepoints. AUC was calculated using the trapezoidal rule., -10 to 120 Minutes Post-dose at Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|AUC(-10 to 120 Min Post Dose)/IEQ/kg for C Peptide Derived From Mixed Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) at 1, 3, 6 Months Post-transplant 1, For Transplant 1 (patients on reparixin), the mean C-Peptide AUC (derived from the MMTT) corrected by IEQ/kg values were calculated. AUC was calculated using the trapezoidal rule and normalized by the actual number of islet equivalents (IEQ) per kilo infused (IEQ/kg)., -10 to 120 Minutes Post-dose at Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|The Percentage of Patients Free of Severe Hypoglycaemic Events, A severe hypoglycemic event is defined as an event with one of the following symptoms: "memory loss, confusion, uncontrollable behavior, irrational behavior, unusual difficulty in awakening, suspected seizure, seizure, loss of consciousness, or visual symptoms", in which the subject was unable to treat him/herself and which was associated with either a blood glucose level \<54mg/dL or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, i.v. glucose, or glucagon administration., Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|Beta-cell Function as Assessed by Beta-score, The beta-score provides a simple clinical scoring system that encompasses glycemic control, diabetes therapy, and endogenous insulin secretion that correlates well with physiological measures of beta-cell function. On this basis, it is suitable as an overall measure of beta-cell transplant function. Beta score is a composite scoring system based on fasting plasma glucose values, HbA1c, insulin independence or use of insulin/OHAs, and the determination of stimulated C-peptide levels. Normal values are given a score of 2, intermediate values merit a score of 1, and clearly abnormal values garner no points. Thus, a perfect score is 8, and a score of 0 indicates absolute absence of beta-cell function., Months 1, 3, 6, 12 post-transplant|Beta-cell Function as Assessed by TEF/IEQ/kg Ratio, The TEF/IEQ/kg ratio is a parameter to assess transplant efficiency corrected by the number of transplanted islets., At months 1, 3, 6 after transplant 1 and months 1,3, 6, and 12 after transplant 2|Serum Level of Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), ALT is commonly measured clinically as part of liver function tests., Pre-transplant and at days 1-7 and months 1 and 3 post-transplant|Serum Level of Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), AST is commonly measured clinically as part of liver function tests., Pre-transplant and at days 1-7 and months 1 and 3 post-transplant|Change From Pre-transplant in Cytokine Levels - CXCL8, Time course of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines as assessed by serum levels of CXCL8 (CXC ligand 8 \[formerly interleukin (IL)-8\]) (time frame: 0, 6, 12, 24, 72, 120, and 168 hours after islet infusion)., 6, 12, 24, 72, 120, and 168 hours post-transplant 1|Change From Pre-transplant in Cytokine Levels - CXCL1, Time course of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines as assessed by serum levels of CXCL1 (time frame: 0, 6, 12, 24, 72, 120, and 168 hours after islet infusion)., 6, 12, 24, 72, 120, and 168 hours post-transplant 1|Change From Pre-transplant in Cytokine Levels - IL-6, Time course of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines as assessed by serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) (time frame: 0, 6, 12, 24, 72, 120, and 168 hours after islet infusion)., 6, 12, 24, 72, 120, and 168 hours post-transplant 1
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