| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: Cellular Markers, The investigators will use participants' peripheral blood derived CD34+ cells looking at number, function, and gene expression. Post Linagliptin will be compared to pre Linagliptin measurements. Here we report fold changes in protein populations as determined by ELISA., Week 12 expression as a fold difference to Week 0|Urinary Function Marker in CKD, We measure using microalbumin/creatinine ratio provided from a random spot urine sample., 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment | Secondary: Serum Endothelial Inflammatory Markers, Serum endothelial inflammatory markers included here: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), 12 weeks post Linagliptin or Placebo treatment|Serum Endothelial Inflammatory Markers, Serum endothelial inflammatory markers included here: Interleukin 6 (IL-6), 12 weeks post Linagliptin or Placebo treatment|Fasting Lipid Profile, Measured through serum biochemistry Lipid Panel, 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment|Glycemic Control, Glycemic control is evaluated by measuring HbA1c levels to gauge changes in blood sugar control over last \~90 days, 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment|Glycemic Control: Fasting Glucose, Glycemic control is evaluated by measuring fasting blood glucose at time of measurement, 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment|Glycemic Control: Insulin, Glycemic control is evaluated by measuring insulin levels at the time of the visit, 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment|Adiposity, Measured using the Tanita Body Composition Analyzer scale, measured as percentage body fat., 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment|Estimation of Creatinine Clearance, Measured via blood biochemistry eGFR, an alternative measurement to spot urine urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio presented above, 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment|Pulse Wave Analysis, Vessel health is assessed by looking at Arterial stiffness. Augmentation index (AI) is defined as the ratio of the augmentation pressure to the pulse pressure, times 100, to give a percentage. Augmentation index 75 normalizes this value to an estimate of the AI at a heart rate of 75bpm. We used Vascular Flow and wave measurement equipment, SphygmoCor Central Pressure system from AtCor., 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment|Pulse Wave Velocity, Vessel health is assessed by looking at Arterial stiffness. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measures the delay between the pulse registered at the femoral artery from the pulse at the carotid. The difference in distance between these two measurement points from the aortic notch is divided by this delay to give a speed. In stiffer, less healthy vessels, the PWV is increased. We used Vascular Flow and wave measurement equipment, SphygmoCor Central Pressure system from AtCor to perform this calculation., 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment|Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), (RMR, similar to Resting Energy expenditure measurement): Evaluation of changes in Basal Metabolic Rate, 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
|
