| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: Baseline: Evaluating the presence of sarcopenia in relation to the presence of hyperglycemia and/or obesity, The presence of sarcopenia is assessed based on recommended methods including measures of muscle strength (Biodex Dynamometer), muscle quantity and quality (MRI), and physical performance tests., The prevalence of sarcopenia in participants with diabetes and hyperglycemia (study 1) or obesity (study 2) as compared to healthy control participants at baseline|Baseline: Skeletal muscle Force-velocity assessment in relation to the presence of hyperglycemia and/or obesity, Assessed by isokinetic knee-extension and dorsal flexion on a Biodex Dynamometer at increasing angular-velocities, The force-velocity relationship in participants with diabetes and hyperglycemia (study 1) or obesity (study 2) as compared to healthy control participants at baseline|Baseline: Assessment of skeletal muscle fatigue in relation to the presence of hyperglycemia and/or obesity, Assessed by a fatiguing isotonic protocol for knee-extension and dorsal flexion on a Biodex Dynamometer including twitch-parameters of knee-extensors, Fatigue in participants with diabetes and hyperglycemia (study 1) or obesity (study 2) as compared to healthy control participants at baseline|Changes in skeletal muscle force-velocity relationship with weight-loss or glycemic improvement, Change from baseline to follow-up at an average of 6 months for study 1 and 12 months for study 3|Changes in skeletal muscle fatigue in relation to weight-loss or glycemic improvement, Change from baseline to follow-up at an average of 6 months for study 1 and 12 months for study 3|Changes in parameters defining sarcopenia in relation to weight-loss or glycemic improvement, Change from baseline to follow-up at an average of 6 months for study 1 and 12 months for study 3 | Secondary: 31P MRS: Skeletal muscle bioenergetics and metabolic economy, Assessed by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) performed during an isotonic fatiguing exercise in a 3T MR-scanner, Bioenergetics and metabolic economy in participants with diabetes and hyperglycemia (study 1) or obesity (study 2) as compared to healthy control participants at baseline|31P MRS: Changes of skeletal muscle bioenergetics and metabolic economy in relation to weight-loss or glycemic improvement, Assessed by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) performed during an isotonic fatiguing exercise in a 3T MR-scanner, Change from baseline to follow-up at an average of 6 months for study 1 and 12 months for study 3|ENG assessment of neuropathic changes, ENG is assessed in the Sural, Tibial and Peroneal nerve, Change from baseline to follow-up at an average of 6 months for study 1 and 12 months for study 3|Correlation analyses of primary measures with metabolic parameters including insulin resistance, HbA1c, metabolic economy, bioenergetics, and low-grade systemic inflammation (hs-CRP), Change from baseline to follow-up at an average of 6 months for study 1 and 12 months for study 3 | Other: EMG assessment of myopathic changes, Will be assessed in knee extensors and/or dorsal flexors on a subgroup of participants demonstrating significant fatigue during primary measures, Change from baseline to follow-up at an average of 6 months for study 1 and 12 months for study 3
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