| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: M1/M2 polarization balance, Evaluate whether 4-days Linagliptin treatment, compared to placebo, significantly reduces the M1/M2 ratio in type 2 diabetic patients. In this cross-over design trial, Linagliptin and placebo will be administered once daily for 4 consecutive days to 30 type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal failure with a 2 week washout period in between., day 5 | Secondary: Cytokine and chemokine concentrations, Evaluate whether 4-days Linagliptin treatment, compared to placebo, significantly modifies the concentrations of selected cytokines and chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES, SDF-1a, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, IL-10, TGF-beta, CCL22, fraktalkine) in type 2 diabetic patients. In this cross-over design trial, Linagliptin and placebo will be administered once daily for 4 consecutive days to 30 type 2 diabetic patients with and without renal failure with a 2 week washout period in between. As the number of measures is high and there is no adjustment for multiple testing, this outcome is to be considered exploratory., day 5|Endothelial progenitor cell levels, Evaluate whether 4-days Linagliptin treatment, compared to placebo, significantly modifies the levels of CD34+KDR+ EPCs (outcome added in course), day 5
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