| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: Insulin Sensitivity Quantified by Matsuda Index, Whole body insulin sensitivity as quantified by Matsuda Index at the end of the treatment period, calculated by the following equation: 10,000/square root of(FPG\*FI)\*(FPG+PG30\*2+PG60\*2+PG90\*2+PG120)/8\*(FPI+PI30\*2+PI60\*2+PI90\*2+PI)/8). FPG=fasting plasma glucose level; FPI=fasting plasma insulin level; PG30,60,90, and 120=plasma glucose levels sampled at 30,60,90, and 120 minutes after oral glucose load; PI30,60,90, and 120=plasma insulin levels sampled at 30,60,90, and 120 minutes after the oral glucose load, 4 weeks | Secondary: Changes in Body Composition, Fat mass and lean mass were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at baseline and at the end of the 4 week treatment period, 4 weeks|Changes in Adipose Tissue Gene Expression, We examined whether differences in lipoprotein lipase expression would be evident across study treatment groups. RNA was isolated from whole adipose tissue gene expression, and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from 1.5 ug of RNA per sample. Gene expression was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using predesigned TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays. Standard curves were included on each plate, so Ct values were converted to copy numbers of the target gene. Expression values were normalized to the geometric mean of the housekeeping genes phosphoglycerate kinase and 18s., 4 weeks
|
