| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: Direct Healthcare Cost, The direct healthcare cost is reported, including inpatient cost, outpatient cost, medication cost, and total cost. Patients starting Empagliflozin (EMPA) versus either Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), Sitagliptin (SITA) or Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1-RA) were matched 1:1 based on a propensity score using a nearest-neighbor matching algorithm without replacement and a maximum caliper of 0.001. The propensity scores were derived by logistic regression models estimating the probability of a patient belonging to the different treatment groups (three estimations: EMPA versus DPP-4i, EMPA versus SITA, and EMPA versus GLP-1-RA). The cost per observed patient year is calculated as the sum of the cost/ sum of the observed time \[year\] over all patients. Final values were rounded to the nearest digit., Dataset included all adult persons, who were continuously insured between 01 january 2014 until 31 december 2018 (except for death), approximately a 4 year period.|Healthcare Resource Utilization, Healthcare resource utilization includes hospitalizations, hospital stays. outpatient visits, and rehabilitation stays., Dataset included all adult persons, who were continuously insured between 01 january 2014 until 31 december 2018 (except for death), approximately a 4 year period. | Secondary: Indirect Healthcare Costs (Including Indirect Costs of Days Absent From Work), Indirect healthcare costs (including indirect costs of days absent from work) includes indirect costs for hospitalization, outpatient visits, absent from work, and rehabilitation stays., Dataset included all adult persons, who were continuously insured between 01 january 2014 until 31 december 2018 (except for death), approximately a 4 year period.
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