Investigational Drug Details
| Drug ID: | D022 |
| Drug Name: | Phosphatidyl serine |
| Synonyms: | |
| Type: | small molecule |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00144 |
| DrugBank Description: | Phosphatidyl serine (PS) is a phospholipid nutrient found in fish, green leafy vegetables, soybeans and rice, and is essential for the normal functioning of neuronal cell membranes and activates Protein kinase C (PKC) which has been shown to be involved in memory function. In apoptosis, phosphatidyl serine is transferred to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. This is part of the process by which the cell is targeted for phagocytosis. PS has been shown to slow cognitive decline in animal models. PS has been investigated in a small number of double-blind placebo trials and has been shown to increase memory performance in the elderly. Because of the potentail cognitive benefits of phosphatidylserine, the substance is sold as a dietary supplement to people who believe they can benefit from an increased intake. The dietary supplement was originally processed from bovine sources however Prion disease scares in the 1990s outlawed this process, and a soy-based alternative was adopted. |
| PubChem ID: | 6323481 |
| CasNo: | 1446756-47-3 |
| Repositioning for NAFLD: | Yes |
| SMILES: | CCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CC)COP(O)(=O)OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O |
| Structure: |
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| InChiKey: | UNJJBGNPUUVVFQ-ZJUUUORDSA-N |
| Molecular Weight: | 385.3041 |
| DrugBank Targets: | Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase proenzyme; Scavenger receptor class B member 1; Protein kinase C alpha type; Phosphatidylserine synthase 1; Diacylglycerol kinase gamma; Diacylglycerol kinase delta; Phosphatidylserine synthase 2; Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4; Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3; Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IA |
| DrugBank MoA: | Cholinergic hypofunction is thought to account in part for the cognitive deficits found in Alzheimer's disease. The most commonly used drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The rationale of these drugs is to increase acetylcholine levels in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, and they may be somewhat effective in some cases. Phosphatidylserine restores acetylcholine release in aging humans by maintaining an adequate supply of the molecule and is able to increase the availability of endogenous choline for de novo acetylcholine synthesis. The hippocampus of the brain is believed to be important for cognitive processes and is affected in those with Alzheimer's disease. The dendritic spines of pyramidal cells, the post-synaptic target of the excitatory input to the hippocampus, have been proposed as a substrate for information storage. Age-dependent dendritic spine loss in pyramidal neurons has been reported in the human brain, and the extent of synaptic loss appears to correlate with the degree of cognitive impairment. Phosphatidylserine treatment prevents the age-related reduction in dendritic spine density in rat hippocampus. Protein kinase C facilitation of acetylcholine release has been reported in rats. Phosphatidylserine was found to restore protein kinase C activity in aging rats. Stimulation of calcium uptake by brain synaptosomes and activation of protein kinase C are yet other speculative mechanisms of phosphatidylserine's putative cognition-enhancing action. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Phosphatidylserine is indicated in the treatment of cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease, age-associated memory impairment and some non-Alzheimer's dementias. Further research is required before phosphatidylserine can be indicated for immune enhancement or for reduction of exercise stress. Phosphatidylserine was first isolated from brain lipids called cephalins. The major cephalins are phosphatidylserine and phophatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylserine is involved in signal transduction activity as well as being a basic structural component of biologic membranes. |
| DrugBank Indication: | Phosphatidylserine has demonstrated some usefulness in treating cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease, age-associated memory impairment and some non-Alzheimer's dementias. More research is needed before phosphatidylserine can be indicated for immune enhancement or for reduction of exercise stress. |
| Targets: | |
| Therapeutic Category: | |
| Clinical Trial Progress: | |
| Latest Progress: |
| Trial ID | Source ID | Phases | Status | Study Results | Start Date | Last Update Posted |
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| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T03 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | ACE | INHIBITOR | Target is a single protein chain | P12821 | ACE_HUMAN | Details |
| T06 | Sulfonylurea receptor 1 | ABCC8 | Target is a single protein chain | Q09428 | ABCC8_HUMAN | Details | |
| T47 | Sialin | SLC17A5 | Target is a single protein chain | Q9NRA2 | SLC17A5_HUMAN | Details | |
| T15 | Steryl-sulfatase | STS | INHIBITOR | Hydrolase | P08842 | STS_HUMAN | Details |
| T49 | Apolipoprotein L1 | APOL1 | Target is a single protein chain | O14791 | APOL1_HUMAN | Details |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S16 | lifestyle measures | Lifestyle measures; adequate dietary or supplemental vitamin D and calcium intake; avoid tobacco, consume alcohol in moderation at most, and engage in regular exercise and fall prevention strategies; Dietary supplementation with grains containing high β-glucan fiber; metabolic bariatric surgery; intensive lifestyle intervention; A low-glycemic, low-phosphate dietary intervention; Anti-hypertensive; Lifestyle measures; Dietary counseling; Adequate dietary or supplemental vitamin D and calcium intake; Avoid tobacco, consume alcohol in moderation at most, and engage in regular exercise and fall prevention strategies; dietary flavonoid supplementation; lifestyle modifications including exercise and an energy-restricted diet; Anti-inflammatory; Lifestyle measures; lifestyle interventions; Lifestyle measures; Anti-hypertensive; Hemodialysis; diet modifications; intensive dietary modifications | Klotho; SGLT2 | trelagliptin; trelagliptin; bisphosphonates; alendronate; risedronate; zoledronic acid; denosumab; anabolic agents; vitamin D; calcium; oat β-glucan; metformin; rosiglitazone; insulin; insulin therapy; amiloride; hydrochlorothiazide; Tolvaptan; agrochemicals; alendronate; risedronate; zoledronic acid; denosumab; anabolic agents; vitamin D; dietary flavonoid supplementation; metformin; linagliptin; fixed-dose combination of linagliptin/metformin; Kangen-karyu extract; phosphate binders; vitamin D; calcimimetics; allopurinol; testosterone gel; sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; Sulodexide; uric acid lowering drugs; calcium salts; calcium; vitamin D; antiresorptive; anabolic agent | Details |
| S10 | dialysis therapy | individualized dialysis machine temperature control; hemodialysis; hemodialysis (HD); peritoneal dialysis (PD); haemodialysis treatment; hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for dialysis-dependent CKD anemia; haemodialysis (HD); peritoneal dialysis (PD); conversion to hemodialysis; Hemodialysis; diet modifications; Hemodialysis; Peritoneal dialysis | HIF | dialysate-containing glucose; Cisplatin; Etoposide; gadolinium-based contrast agents; gadoteric acid; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent; 10 calcium gluconate; insulin; dextrose; salbutamol nebulization; sodium polystyrene sulfonate; roxadustat; darbepoetin alfa; iron; warfarin; bisphosphonate; sodium thiosulfate; unfractionated heparin; uric acid lowering drugs; 5-fluorouracil; leucovorin; 1.5 glucose; 2.3 glucose | Details |
| Article ID | PMID | Source | Title |
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