| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: Incidence of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) during the DLT observation period, DLT is defined as: (1) any adverse event (AE) ≥ Grade 3 (CTCAE v5.0) or (2) Grade 2 AE that does not resolve to grade 1 or less within 72 hours, that occurs in the DLT observation period and is causally related (possibly, probably, or definitely related) to the test article judged by the investigator., Day 1~ Day 8 (SAD cohort); Day 1~ Day 35 (MAD cohort) | Secondary: Incidence of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs), All adverse events (AEs) will be assessed for severity by the investigator based on NCI-CTCAE v5.0, SAD, FE: up to 4 weeks; MAD: up to 8 weeks|Number of participants with abnormalities in Vital signs, Number of participants with abnormal systolic/diastolic blood pressure (in mmHg), respiratory rate, pulse rate (in beat per minute, bpm), and body temperature (in ℃), SAD, FE: Baseline,1~2 weeks; MAD: Baseline,1~6 weeks|Number of participants with abnormalities in Laboratory examinations, Number of participants with abnormal Hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, platelet, WBC, WBC differentials (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes), MCV, MCH, MCHC), biochemistry (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine, cholestero1, γ-GT, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, triglyceride, amylase, lipase, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride), and urinalysis (pH, protein, glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketone body, specific gravity, occult blood, RBC, WBC, creatinine, ratio of albumin/creatinine) results, SAD, FE: Baseline,1~2 weeks; MAD: Baseline,1~6 weeks|Acute kidney injury (AKI) marker, Urine samples will be collected for analyzing acute kidney injury (AKI) markers, SAD, FE: Baseline, 1~2 weeks; MAD: Baseline, 1~6 weeks|Number of participants with abnormalities in 12-lead electrocardiogram (EKG), Number of participants with abnormal Ventricular rate, PR interval, QRS interval, and QT interval, SAD, FE: Baseline, 1~2 weeks; MAD: Baseline, 1~6 weeks|Number of participants with abnormalities in Physical examination, Number of participants with abnormal Physical examination results, including general appearance, skin, eyes, ears, nose, throat, head and neck (including thyroid), heart, chest and lungs, abdomen, extremities, lymph nodes, musculoskeletal, neurological system, and other body systems, SAD, FE: Baseline, 1~2 weeks; MAD: Baseline, 1~6 weeks|Pharmacokinetics (PK) of PS1, AUC_Area under the serum concentration-time profile, Day 1 and 2 (SAD, FE and MAD portion), Day 28 and 29 (MAD portion only)|Pharmacokinetics (PK) of PS1, Cmax_The peak post-dose concentration, Day 1 and 2 (SAD, FE and MAD portion), Day 28 and 29 (MAD portion only)|Pharmacokinetics (PK) of PS1, Tmax_Time at which Cmax is observed, Day 1 and 2 (SAD, FE and MAD portion), Day 28 and 29 (MAD portion only)|Pharmacokinetics (PK) of PS1, T1/2_Terminal phase elimination half-life, Day 1 and 2 (SAD, FE and MAD portion), Day 28 and 29 (MAD portion only)|Pharmacokinetics (PK) of PS1, MRT_Mean Residence Time, Day 1 and 2 (SAD, FE and MAD portion), Day 28 and 29 (MAD portion only)|Pharmacokinetics (PK) of PS1, CL/F_Apparent Clearance, Day 1 and 2 (SAD, FE and MAD portion), Day 28 and 29 (MAD portion only)|Pharmacokinetics (PK) of PS1, Volume of distribution, Day 1 and 2 (SAD, FE and MAD portion), Day 28 and 29 (MAD portion only)|Pharmacokinetics (PK) of PS1, Rac_Accumulation ratio, Day 1 and 2 (SAD, FE and MAD portion), Day 28 and 29 (MAD portion only)|Potential efficacy (For Cohort 7 and 8 only), Changes from baseline of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at each post-treatment visit; Changes from baseline of C-peptide at each post-treatment visit; Changes from baseline of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Visit 10 and Visit 11., MAD: Baseline, 1~6 weeks|Exploratory Endpoints (For MAD only), Changes from baseline of serum PDIA4, MAD: Baseline, 1~6 weeks
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