| Outcome Measures: |
Primary: Change in Gastric-half emptying time of the 75 g glucose drink, The Change in gastric-half emptying time (min) before and after the treatment, Baseline, 1 month and 3 months in diabetic group|Gastric-half emptying time of the 75 g glucose drink, The difference in gastric-half emptying time (min) between subjects with and without type 2 diabetes, Baseline in both diabetic and non-diabetic group | Secondary: The mean blood glucose level, The mean blood glucose level (mmol/L) during the 24 hours continuous glucose monitoring., Baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|The mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, The mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (mmol/L) during the 24 hours continuous glucose monitoring., Baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|The percentage of blood glucose levels within the target range, The percentage of blood glucose levels within the target range (%) during the 24 hours continuous glucose monitoring., Baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|Serum insulin concentrations, The differences in the incremental under the curve from 0 to 180 min (iAUC0-180min) for serum insulin (mU/L) in response to a 75 g glucose drink before and after the treatment. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) is calculated using the trapezoidal rule., t = 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min (t = 0 is when 75 g glucose drink is given) on baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|Serum C-peptide concentrations, The differences in the incremental area under the curve from 0 to 180 min (iAUC0-180min) for serum C-peptide (ng/mL) in response to a 75 g glucose drink before and after the treatment., t = 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min (t = 0 is when 75 g glucose drink is given) on baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|Serum total GLP-1 concentrations, The differences in the incremental under the curve from 0 to 180 min (iAUC0-180min) for serum total GLP-1 (pmol/L) in response to a 75 g glucose drink before and after the treatment., t = 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min (t = 0 is when 75 g glucose drink is given) on baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|Serum total GIP concentrations, The differences in the incremental under the curve from 0 to 180 min (iAUC0-180min) for serum total GIP (pmol/L) in response to a 75 g glucose drink before and after the treatment., t = 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min (t = 0 is when 75 g glucose drink is given) on baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|Serum bile acid concentrations, The differences in the fasting serum bile acid concentrations (μmol/L) before and after the treatment., Baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|Systolic blood pressure, The differences in systolic blood pressure (mmHg) in response to the 75 g glucose drink before and after the treatment., t = 0, 15, 30, 45, 60,75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165 and 180 min (t = 0 is when 75 g glucose drink is given) on baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|Diastolic blood pressure, The differences in diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) in response to the 75 g glucose drink before and after the treatment., t = 0, 15, 30, 45, 60,75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165 and 180 min (t = 0 is when 75 g glucose drink is given) on baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group|Heart rate, The differences in heart rate (beats/min) in response to the 75 g glucose drink before and after the treatment., t = 0, 15, 30, 45, 60,75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165 and 180 min (t = 0 is when 75 g glucose drink is given) on baseline, 1 month and 3 months in the diabetic group
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