Investigational Drug Details
| Drug ID: | D029 |
| Drug Name: | Cysteine |
| Synonyms: | |
| Type: | small molecule |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00151 |
| DrugBank Description: | A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form cystine. |
| PubChem ID: | 5862 |
| CasNo: | 52-90-4 |
| Repositioning for NAFLD: | Yes |
| SMILES: | N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O |
| Structure: |
|
| InChiKey: | XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N |
| Molecular Weight: | 121.158 |
| DrugBank Targets: | Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit; Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic; Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Cystathionine gamma-lyase; Cystathionine beta-synthase; Cysteine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase; Glutathione synthetase; Probable cysteine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase; Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial; Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 |
| DrugBank MoA: | Cysteine can usually be synthesized by the human body under normal physiological conditions if a sufficient quantity of methionine is available. Cysteine is typically synthesized in the human body when there is sufficient methionine available. Cysteine exhibits antioxidant properties and participates in redox reactions. Cysteine's antioxidant properties are typically expressed in the tripeptide glutathione, which occurs in humans as well as other organisms. Glutathione (GSH) typically requires biosynthesis from its constituent amino acids, cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid, due to its limited systemic availability. Glutamic acid and glycine are readily available in the diets of most industrialized countries, but the availability of cysteine can be the limiting substrate. In human metabolism, cysteine is also involved in the generation of sulfide present in iron-sulfur clusters and nitrogenase by acting as a precursor. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, cysteine is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Its use or purpose, however, is unknown, like most cigarette additives. Its inclusion in cigarettes could offer two benefits: Acting as an expectorant, since smoking increases mucus production in the lungs; and increasing the beneficial antioxidant glutathione (which is diminished in smokers). |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Due to this ability to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine is an important source of sulfur in human metabolism, and although it is classified as a non-essential amino acid, cysteine may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic disease or who suffer from malabsorption syndromes. Cysteine may at some point be recognized as an essential or conditionally essential amino acid. |
| DrugBank Indication: | For the prevention of liver damage and kidney damage associated with overdoses of acetaminophen |
| Targets: | |
| Therapeutic Category: | |
| Clinical Trial Progress: | |
| Latest Progress: |
| Trial ID | Source ID | Phases | Status | Study Results | Start Date | Last Update Posted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L0141 | NCT03036150 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2017-02-02 | 2021-07-07 | Details |
| L0284 | NCT06203977 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | NO | 2024-11-15 | 2025-03-12 | Details |
| L0343 | NCT01837290 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2012-12 | 2015-01-27 | Details |
| L0411 | NCT01356849 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | NO | 2011-04 | 2013-08-28 | Details |
| L0603 | NCT00598442 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2007-11 | 2013-02-12 | Details |
| L0615 | NCT00210743 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | NO | 2004-05 | 2011-05-23 | Details |
| L0754 | NCT00275509 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2007-01 | 2018-01-18 | Details |
| L0860 | NCT02198495 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | NO | 2014-09 | 2020-09-11 | Details |
| L1022 | NCT01500798 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | NO | 2012-01-31 | 2023-10-27 | Details |
| L1083 | NCT00648167 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2008-03 | 2017-04-04 | Details |
| L1088 | NCT00244530 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | NO | 2001-06 | 2006-12-22 | Details |
| L1224 | NCT01506947 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | YES | 2012-05-10 | 2021-07-30 | Details |
| L1398 | NCT01012414 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | YES | 2010-01 | 2014-05-20 | Details |
| L1493 | NCT02232763 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2014-09 | 2018-10-10 | Details |
| L1683 | NCT03446612 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | YES | 2019-01-10 | 2024-03-27 | Details |
| L1698 | NCT06185660 | COMPLETED | NO | 2024-02-09 | 2025-02-03 | Details | |
| L1719 | NCT01578200 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2011-12-24 | 2020-11-30 | Details |
| L1740 | NCT02512068 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2015-08-07 | 2023-12-12 | Details |
| L2057 | NCT01102673 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NO | 2010-04 | 2010-08-05 | Details |
| L2084 | NCT01536431 | PHASE1|PHASE2 | COMPLETED | NO | 2012-01 | 2015-07-28 | Details |
| L2598 | NCT00162240 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2003-06 | 2012-04-27 | Details |
| L2921 | NCT00915772 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2009-06 | 2014-05-14 | Details |
| L2969 | NCT01253304 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | YES | 2010-11 | 2014-10-07 | Details |
| L2995 | NCT06235086 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | NO | 2024-03 | 2024-01-31 | Details |
| L2997 | NCT00975286 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2009-10 | 2016-10-11 | Details |
| L3115 | NCT01202266 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | NO | 2010-08 | 2011-03-11 | Details |
| L3197 | NCT01527539 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2001-11-23 | 2017-02-24 | Details |
| L3318 | NCT02061124 | COMPLETED | NO | 2014-02 | 2015-11-23 | Details | |
| L3440 | NCT02288273 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | YES | 2014-12 | 2017-01-27 | Details |
| L3451 | NCT00957060 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | NO | 2009-07 | 2010-11-30 | Details |
| L3627 | NCT01991795 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2014-02-10 | 2020-03-18 | Details |
| L3685 | NCT00814372 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | NO | 2008-12 | 2015-04-17 | Details |
| L3786 | NCT01572740 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2012-04-05 | 2018-02-07 | Details |
| L3975 | NCT01119846 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | YES | 2009-06-05 | 2018-01-17 | Details |
| L4250 | NCT05005741 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NO | 2021-05-01 | 2023-03-17 | Details |
| L4429 | NCT01495013 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | NO | 2011-12 | 2016-11-21 | Details |
| L4575 | NCT00704236 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | NO | 2006-09 | 2008-12-11 | Details |
| L5372 | NCT06615700 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NO | 2024-05-06 | 2024-09-27 | Details |
| L5380 | NCT01624259 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2012-06 | 2014-10-09 | Details |
| L6080 | NCT01059812 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2010-02-01 | 2018-12-20 | Details |
| L6268 | NCT01919788 | COMPLETED | NO | 2013-08 | 2019-09-27 | Details | |
| L7241 | NCT01392677 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | YES | 2011-10 | 2014-03-12 | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T03 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | ACE | INHIBITOR | Target is a single protein chain | P12821 | ACE_HUMAN | Details |
| T06 | Sulfonylurea receptor 1 | ABCC8 | Target is a single protein chain | Q09428 | ABCC8_HUMAN | Details | |
| T41 | Solute carrier family 13 member 5 | SLC13A5 | Target is a single protein chain | Q86YT5 | SLC13A5_HUMAN | Details | |
| T47 | Sialin | SLC17A5 | Target is a single protein chain | Q9NRA2 | SLC17A5_HUMAN | Details | |
| T15 | Steryl-sulfatase | STS | INHIBITOR | Hydrolase | P08842 | STS_HUMAN | Details |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs |
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