Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A00142 |
| PMID: | 22929189 |
| Source: | Orphanet J Rare Dis |
| Title: | Inherited cobalamin malabsorption. Mutations in three genes reveal functional and ethnic patterns. |
| Abstract: | Inherited malabsorption of cobalamin (Cbl) causes hematological and neurological abnormalities that can be fatal. Three genes have been implicated in Cbl malabsorption; yet, only about 10% of ~400-500 reported cases have been molecularly studied to date. Recessive mutations in CUBN or AMN cause Imerslund-Gräsbeck Syndrome (IGS), while recessive mutations in GIF cause Intrinsic Factor Deficiency (IFD). IGS and IFD differ in that IGS usually presents with proteinuria, which is not observed in IFD. The genetic heterogeneity and numerous differential diagnoses make clinical assessment difficult. We present a large genetic screening study of 154 families or patients with suspected hereditary Cbl malabsorption. Patients and their families have been accrued over a period spanning >12  years. Systematic genetic testing of the three genes CUBN, AMN, and GIF was accomplished using a combination of single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA and RNA sequencing. In addition, six genes that were contenders for a role in inherited Cbl malabsorption were studied in a subset of these patients. Our results revealed population-specific mutations, mutational hotspots, and functionally distinct regions in the three causal genes. We identified mutations in 126/154 unrelated cases (82%). Fifty-three of 126 cases (42%) were mutated in CUBN, 45/126 (36%) were mutated in AMN, and 28/126 (22%) had mutations in GIF. We found 26 undescribed mutations in CUBN, 19 in AMN, and 7 in GIF for a total of 52 novel defects described herein. We excluded six other candidate genes as culprits and concluded that additional genes might be involved. Cbl malabsorption is found worldwide and genetically complex. However, our results indicate that population-specific founder mutations are quite common. Consequently, targeted genetic testing has become feasible if ethnic ancestry is considered. These results will facilitate clinical and molecular genetic testing of Cbl malabsorption. Early diagnosis improves the lifelong care required by these patients and prevents potential neurological long-term complications. This study provides the first comprehensive overview of the genetics that underlies the inherited Cbl malabsorption phenotype. |
| DOI: | 10.1186/1750-1172-7-56 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I02 | 1184 | nephrotic syndrome | "A nephrosis characterized by marked increase in glomerular protein permeability resulting in marked elevation of urine protein levels, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercoagulability." [url:https\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome, url:https\://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults] | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D001 | Leuprolide | small molecule | DB00007 | Details | |||
| D002 | Goserelin | small molecule | DB00014 | Details | |||
| D003 | Cetrorelix | small molecule | DB00050 | Details | |||
| D004 | Pyridoxal phosphate | small molecule | DB00114 | Details | |||
| D005 | Histidine | small molecule | DB00117 | Details | |||
| D006 | Phenylalanine | small molecule | DB00120 | Details | |||
| D007 | Biotin | small molecule | DB00121 | Details | |||
| D008 | Choline | small molecule | DB00122 | Details | |||
| D009 | L-Lysine | small molecule | DB00123 | Details | |||
| D010 | Arginine | small molecule | DB00125 | Details | |||
| D011 | Ascorbic acid | small molecule | DB00126 | Details | |||
| D012 | Aspartic acid | small molecule | DB00128 | Details | |||
| D013 | Ornithine | small molecule | DB00129 | Details | |||
| D014 | L-Glutamine | small molecule | DB00130 | Details | |||
| D015 | Serine | small molecule | DB00133 | Details | |||
| D016 | Methionine | small molecule | DB00134 | Details | |||
| D017 | Tyrosine | small molecule | DB00135 | Details | |||
| D018 | Calcitriol | small molecule | DB00136 | Details | |||
| D019 | Lutein | small molecule | DB00137 | Details | |||
| D020 | Riboflavin | small molecule | DB00140 | Details | |||
| D021 | Glutamic acid | small molecule | DB00142 | Details | |||
| D022 | Phosphatidyl serine | small molecule | DB00144 | Details | |||
| D023 | Glycine | small molecule | DB00145 | Details | |||
| D024 | Calcifediol | small molecule | DB00146 | Details | |||
| D025 | Pyridoxal | small molecule | DB00147 | Details | |||
| D026 | Creatine | small molecule | DB00148 | Details | |||
| D027 | Leucine | small molecule | DB00149 | Details | |||
| D028 | Tryptophan | small molecule | DB00150 | Details | |||
| D029 | Cysteine | small molecule | DB00151 | Details | |||
| D030 | Thiamine | small molecule | DB00152 | Details | |||
| D031 | Ergocalciferol | small molecule | DB00153 | Details | |||
| D032 | Threonine | small molecule | DB00156 | Details | |||
| D033 | Alanine | small molecule | DB00160 | Details | |||
| D034 | Valine | small molecule | DB00161 | Details | |||
| D035 | Vitamin A | small molecule | DB00162 | Details | |||
| D036 | Vitamin E | small molecule | DB00163 | Details | |||
| D037 | Pyridoxine | small molecule | DB00165 | Details | |||
| D038 | Isoleucine | small molecule | DB00167 | Details | |||
| D039 | Cholecalciferol | small molecule | DB00169 | Details | |||
| D040 | Menadione | small molecule | DB00170 | Details | |||
| D041 | Proline | small molecule | DB00172 | Details | |||
| D042 | Pravastatin | small molecule | DB00175 | Details | |||
| D043 | Valsartan | small molecule | DB00177 | Details | |||
| D044 | Ramipril | small molecule | DB00178 | Details | |||
| D045 | Esmolol | small molecule | DB00187 | Details | |||
| D046 | Bortezomib | small molecule | DB00188 | Details | |||
| D047 | Phentermine | small molecule | DB00191 | Details | |||
| D048 | Tramadol | small molecule | DB00193 | Details | |||
| D049 | Fluconazole | small molecule | DB00196 | Details | |||
| D050 | Troglitazone | small molecule | DB00197 | Details | |||
| D051 | Oseltamivir | small molecule | DB00198 | Details | |||
| D052 | Erythromycin | small molecule | DB00199 | Details | |||
| D053 | Caffeine | small molecule | DB00201 | Details | |||
| D054 | Reserpine | small molecule | DB00206 | Details | |||
| D055 | Azithromycin | small molecule | DB00207 | Details | |||
| D056 | Pantoprazole | small molecule | DB00213 | Details | |||
| D057 | Torasemide | small molecule | DB00214 | Details | |||
| D058 | Citalopram | small molecule | DB00215 | Details | |||
| D059 | Moxifloxacin | small molecule | DB00218 | Details | |||
| D060 | Indinavir | small molecule | DB00224 | Details | |||
| D061 | Lovastatin | small molecule | DB00227 | Details | |||
| D062 | Pregabalin | small molecule | DB00230 | Details | |||
| D063 | Nevirapine | small molecule | DB00238 | Details | |||
| D064 | Ranolazine | small molecule | DB00243 | Details | |||
| D065 | Ziprasidone | small molecule | DB00246 | Details | |||
| D066 | Doxycycline | small molecule | DB00254 | Details | |||
| D067 | Clotrimazole | small molecule | DB00257 | Details | |||
| D068 | Metoprolol | small molecule | DB00264 | Details | |||
| D069 | Ropinirole | small molecule | DB00268 | Details | |||
| D070 | Chlorotrianisene | small molecule | DB00269 | Details | |||
| D071 | Topiramate | small molecule | DB00273 | Details | |||
| D072 | Olmesartan | small molecule | DB00275 | Details | |||
| D073 | Theophylline | small molecule | DB00277 | Details | |||
| D074 | Lidocaine | small molecule | DB00281 | Details | |||
| D075 | Pamidronic acid | small molecule | DB00282 | Details | |||
| D076 | Chlorambucil | small molecule | DB00291 | Details | |||
| D077 | Morphine | small molecule | DB00295 | Details | |||
| D078 | Bupivacaine | small molecule | DB00297 | Details | |||
| D079 | Tranexamic acid | small molecule | DB00302 | Details | |||
| D080 | Ertapenem | small molecule | DB00303 | Details | |||
| D081 | Mitomycin | small molecule | DB00305 | Details | |||
| D082 | Chlorthalidone | small molecule | DB00310 | Details | |||
| D083 | Valproic acid | small molecule | DB00313 | Details | |||
| D084 | Acetaminophen | small molecule | DB00316 | Details | |||
| D085 | Piperacillin | small molecule | DB00319 | Details | |||
| D086 | Amitriptyline | small molecule | DB00321 | Details | |||
| D087 | Nitroprusside | small molecule | DB00325 | Details | |||
| D088 | Indomethacin | small molecule | DB00328 | Details | |||
| D089 | Metformin | small molecule | DB00331 | Details | |||
| D090 | Methadone | small molecule | DB00333 | Details | |||
| D091 | Olanzapine | small molecule | DB00334 | Details | |||
| D092 | Atenolol | small molecule | DB00335 | Details | |||
| D093 | Cetirizine | small molecule | DB00341 | Details | |||
| D094 | Diltiazem | small molecule | DB00343 | Details | |||
| D095 | Minoxidil | small molecule | DB00350 | Details | |||
| D096 | Chlorzoxazone | small molecule | DB00356 | Details | |||
| D097 | Clozapine | small molecule | DB00363 | Details | |||
| D098 | Levonorgestrel | small molecule | DB00367 | Details | |||
| D099 | Norepinephrine | small molecule | DB00368 | Details | |||
| D100 | Cidofovir | small molecule | DB00369 | Details | |||
| D101 | Mirtazapine | small molecule | DB00370 | Details | |||
| D102 | Treprostinil | small molecule | DB00374 | Details | |||
| D103 | Dydrogesterone | small molecule | DB00378 | Details | |||
| D104 | Amlodipine | small molecule | DB00381 | Details | |||
| D105 | Triamterene | small molecule | DB00384 | Details | |||
| D106 | Phenylephrine | small molecule | DB00388 | Details | |||
| D107 | Digoxin | small molecule | DB00390 | Details | |||
| D108 | Nimodipine | small molecule | DB00393 | Details | |||
| D109 | Progesterone | small molecule | DB00396 | Details | |||
| D110 | Sorafenib | small molecule | DB00398 | Details | |||
| D111 | Zoledronic acid | small molecule | DB00399 | Details | |||
| D112 | Eszopiclone | small molecule | DB00402 | Details | |||
| D113 | Alprazolam | small molecule | DB00404 | Details | |||
| D114 | Loxapine | small molecule | DB00408 | Details | |||
| D115 | Mupirocin | small molecule | DB00410 | Details | |||
| D116 | Rosiglitazone | small molecule | DB00412 | Details | |||
| D117 | Acetohexamide | small molecule | DB00414 | Details | |||
| D118 | Ampicillin | small molecule | DB00415 | Details | |||
| D119 | Spironolactone | small molecule | DB00421 | Details | |||
| D120 | Methocarbamol | small molecule | DB00423 | Details | |||
| D121 | Zolpidem | small molecule | DB00425 | Details | |||
| D122 | Nitric Oxide | small molecule | DB00435 | Details | |||
| D123 | Ceftazidime | small molecule | DB00438 | Details | |||
| D124 | Trimethoprim | small molecule | DB00440 | Details | |||
| D125 | Betamethasone | small molecule | DB00443 | Details | |||
| D126 | Lansoprazole | small molecule | DB00448 | Details | |||
| D127 | Loratadine | small molecule | DB00455 | Details | |||
| D128 | Imipramine | small molecule | DB00458 | Details | |||
| D129 | Dronabinol | small molecule | DB00470 | Details | |||
| D130 | Montelukast | small molecule | DB00471 | Details | |||
| D131 | Fluoxetine | small molecule | DB00472 | Details | |||
| D132 | Duloxetine | small molecule | DB00476 | Details | |||
| D133 | Chlorpromazine | small molecule | DB00477 | Details | |||
| D134 | Amikacin | small molecule | DB00479 | Details | |||
| D135 | Lenalidomide | small molecule | DB00480 | Details | |||
| D136 | Celecoxib | small molecule | DB00482 | Details | |||
| D137 | Altretamine | small molecule | DB00488 | Details | |||
| D138 | Miglitol | small molecule | DB00491 | Details | |||
| D139 | Cefotaxime | small molecule | DB00493 | Details | |||
| D140 | Zidovudine | small molecule | DB00495 | Details | |||
| D141 | Oxycodone | small molecule | DB00497 | Details | |||
| D142 | Cimetidine | small molecule | DB00501 | Details | |||
| D143 | Ritonavir | small molecule | DB00503 | Details | |||
| D144 | Nitazoxanide | small molecule | DB00507 | Details | |||
| D145 | Vancomycin | small molecule | DB00512 | Details | |||
| D146 | Aminocaproic acid | small molecule | DB00513 | Details | |||
| D147 | Trandolapril | small molecule | DB00519 | Details | |||
| D148 | Metolazone | small molecule | DB00524 | Details | |||
| D149 | Tolnaftate | small molecule | DB00525 | Details | |||
| D150 | Lercanidipine | small molecule | DB00528 | Details | |||
| D151 | Cyclophosphamide | small molecule | DB00531 | Details | |||
| D152 | Ciprofloxacin | small molecule | DB00537 | Details | |||
| D153 | Benazepril | small molecule | DB00542 | Details | |||
| D154 | Propylthiouracil | small molecule | DB00550 | Details | |||
| D155 | Zanamivir | small molecule | DB00558 | Details | |||
| D156 | Bosentan | small molecule | DB00559 | Details | |||
| D157 | Methotrexate | small molecule | DB00563 | Details | |||
| D158 | Cisatracurium | small molecule | DB00565 | Details | |||
| D159 | Cephalexin | small molecule | DB00567 | Details | |||
| D160 | Propranolol | small molecule | DB00571 | Details | |||
| D161 | Atropine | small molecule | DB00572 | Details | |||
| D162 | Clonidine | small molecule | DB00575 | Details | |||
| D163 | Lactulose | small molecule | DB00581 | Details | |||
| D164 | Voriconazole | small molecule | DB00582 | Details | |||
| D165 | Diclofenac | small molecule | DB00586 | Details | |||
| D166 | Doxazosin | small molecule | DB00590 | Details | |||
| D167 | Amiloride | small molecule | DB00594 | Details | |||
| D168 | Labetalol | small molecule | DB00598 | Details | |||
| D169 | Thiopental | small molecule | DB00599 | Details | |||
| D170 | Linezolid | small molecule | DB00601 | Details | |||
| D171 | Cisapride | small molecule | DB00604 | Details | |||
| D172 | Nafcillin | small molecule | DB00607 | Details | |||
| D173 | Chloroquine | small molecule | DB00608 | Details | |||
| D174 | Bisoprolol | small molecule | DB00612 | Details | |||
| D175 | Fluphenazine | small molecule | DB00623 | Details | |||
| D176 | Testosterone | small molecule | DB00624 | Details | |||
| D177 | Efavirenz | small molecule | DB00625 | Details | |||
| D178 | Bacitracin | small molecule | DB00626 | Details | |||
| D179 | Niacin | small molecule | DB00627 | Details | |||
| D180 | Alendronic acid | small molecule | DB00630 | Details | |||
| D181 | Prednisone | small molecule | DB00635 | Details | |||
| D182 | Inulin | small molecule | DB00638 | Details | |||
| D183 | Adenosine | small molecule | DB00640 | Details | |||
| D184 | Simvastatin | small molecule | DB00641 | Details | |||
| D185 | Stavudine | small molecule | DB00649 | Details | |||
| D186 | Trazodone | small molecule | DB00656 | Details | |||
| D187 | Verapamil | small molecule | DB00661 | Details | |||
| D188 | Epinephrine | small molecule | DB00668 | Details | |||
| D189 | Pirenzepine | small molecule | DB00670 | Details | |||
| D190 | Cefixime | small molecule | DB00671 | Details | |||
| D191 | Chlorpropamide | small molecule | DB00672 | Details | |||
| D192 | Losartan | small molecule | DB00678 | Details | |||
| D193 | Thioridazine | small molecule | DB00679 | Details | |||
| D194 | Warfarin | small molecule | DB00682 | Details | |||
| D195 | Midazolam | small molecule | DB00683 | Details | |||
| D196 | Tobramycin | small molecule | DB00684 | Details | |||
| D197 | Fludrocortisone | small molecule | DB00687 | Details | |||
| D198 | Phentolamine | small molecule | DB00692 | Details | |||
| D199 | Furosemide | small molecule | DB00695 | Details | |||
| D200 | Eplerenone | small molecule | DB00700 | Details | |||
| D201 | Amprenavir | small molecule | DB00701 | Details | |||
| D202 | Naltrexone | small molecule | DB00704 | Details | |||
| D203 | Tamsulosin | small molecule | DB00706 | Details | |||
| D204 | Lamivudine | small molecule | DB00709 | Details | |||
| D205 | Ibandronate | small molecule | DB00710 | Details | |||
| D206 | Flurbiprofen | small molecule | DB00712 | Details | |||
| D207 | Oxacillin | small molecule | DB00713 | Details | |||
| D208 | Paroxetine | small molecule | DB00715 | Details | |||
| D209 | Lisinopril | small molecule | DB00722 | Details | |||
| D210 | Nitroglycerin | small molecule | DB00727 | Details | |||
| D211 | Rocuronium | small molecule | DB00728 | Details | |||
| D212 | Risperidone | small molecule | DB00734 | Details | |||
| D213 | Esomeprazole | small molecule | DB00736 | Details | |||
| D214 | Pentamidine | small molecule | DB00738 | Details | |||
| D215 | Hydrocortisone | small molecule | DB00741 | Details | |||
| D216 | Mannitol | small molecule | DB00742 | Details | |||
| D217 | Deferoxamine | small molecule | DB00746 | Details | |||
| D218 | Prilocaine | small molecule | DB00750 | Details | |||
| D219 | Isoflurane | small molecule | DB00753 | Details | |||
| D220 | Clopidogrel | small molecule | DB00758 | Details | |||
| D221 | Methimazole | small molecule | DB00763 | Details | |||
| D222 | Clavulanic acid | small molecule | DB00766 | Details | |||
| D223 | Alprostadil | small molecule | DB00770 | Details | |||
| D224 | Mefenamic acid | small molecule | DB00784 | Details | |||
| D225 | Perindopril | small molecule | DB00790 | Details | |||
| D226 | Alfentanil | small molecule | DB00802 | Details | |||
| D227 | Pentoxifylline | small molecule | DB00806 | Details | |||
| D228 | Indapamide | small molecule | DB00808 | Details | |||
| D229 | Tropicamide | small molecule | DB00809 | Details | |||
| D230 | Ribavirin | small molecule | DB00811 | Details | |||
| D231 | Fentanyl | small molecule | DB00813 | Details | |||
| D232 | Propofol | small molecule | DB00818 | Details | |||
| D233 | Acetazolamide | small molecule | DB00819 | Details | |||
| D234 | Tadalafil | small molecule | DB00820 | Details | |||
| D235 | Fosfomycin | small molecule | DB00828 | Details | |||
| D236 | Diazepam | small molecule | DB00829 | Details | |||
| D237 | Trifluoperazine | small molecule | DB00831 | Details | |||
| D238 | Mifepristone | small molecule | DB00834 | Details | |||
| D239 | Tolazamide | small molecule | DB00839 | Details | |||
| D240 | Dobutamine | small molecule | DB00841 | Details | |||
| D241 | Donepezil | small molecule | DB00843 | Details | |||
| D242 | Nalbuphine | small molecule | DB00844 | Details | |||
| D243 | Levamisole | small molecule | DB00848 | Details | |||
| D244 | Perphenazine | small molecule | DB00850 | Details | |||
| D245 | Pseudoephedrine | small molecule | DB00852 | Details | |||
| D246 | Aminolevulinic acid | small molecule | DB00855 | Details | |||
| D247 | Terbinafine | small molecule | DB00857 | Details | |||
| D248 | Prednisolone | small molecule | DB00860 | Details | |||
| D249 | Diflunisal | small molecule | DB00861 | Details | |||
| D250 | Terbutaline | small molecule | DB00871 | Details | |||
| D251 | Guaifenesin | small molecule | DB00874 | Details | |||
| D252 | Eprosartan | small molecule | DB00876 | Details | |||
| D253 | Sirolimus | small molecule | DB00877 | Details | |||
| D254 | Emtricitabine | small molecule | DB00879 | Details | |||
| D255 | Quinapril | small molecule | DB00881 | Details | |||
| D256 | Isosorbide dinitrate | small molecule | DB00883 | Details | |||
| D257 | Mechlorethamine | small molecule | DB00888 | Details | |||
| D258 | Ethanol | small molecule | DB00898 | Details | |||
| D259 | Remifentanil | small molecule | DB00899 | Details | |||
| D260 | Ondansetron | small molecule | DB00904 | Details | |||
| D261 | Cocaine | small molecule | DB00907 | Details | |||
| D262 | Repaglinide | small molecule | DB00912 | Details | |||
| D263 | Phenformin | small molecule | DB00914 | Details | |||
| D264 | Amantadine | small molecule | DB00915 | Details | |||
| D265 | Metronidazole | small molecule | DB00916 | Details | |||
| D266 | Dinoprostone | small molecule | DB00917 | Details | |||
| D267 | Buprenorphine | small molecule | DB00921 | Details | |||
| D268 | Azacitidine | small molecule | DB00928 | Details | |||
| D269 | Misoprostol | small molecule | DB00929 | Details | |||
| D270 | Mesoridazine | small molecule | DB00933 | Details | |||
| D271 | Oxymetazoline | small molecule | DB00935 | Details | |||
| D272 | Salicylic acid | small molecule | DB00936 | Details | |||
| D273 | Acetylsalicylic acid | small molecule | DB00945 | Details | |||
| D274 | Phenprocoumon | small molecule | DB00946 | Details | |||
| D275 | Fexofenadine | small molecule | DB00950 | Details | |||
| D276 | Isoniazid | small molecule | DB00951 | Details | |||
| D277 | Norgestimate | small molecule | DB00957 | Details | |||
| D278 | Methylprednisolone | small molecule | DB00959 | Details | |||
| D279 | Mepivacaine | small molecule | DB00961 | Details | |||
| D280 | Zaleplon | small molecule | DB00962 | Details | |||
| D281 | Bromfenac | small molecule | DB00963 | Details | |||
| D282 | Telmisartan | small molecule | DB00966 | Details | |||
| D283 | Methyldopa | small molecule | DB00968 | Details | |||
| D284 | Ezetimibe | small molecule | DB00973 | Details | |||
| D285 | Edetic acid | small molecule | DB00974 | Details | |||
| D286 | Dipyridamole | small molecule | DB00975 | Details | |||
| D287 | Ethinylestradiol | small molecule | DB00977 | Details | |||
| D288 | Physostigmine | small molecule | DB00981 | Details | |||
| D289 | Isotretinoin | small molecule | DB00982 | Details | |||
| D290 | Nandrolone phenpropionate | small molecule | DB00984 | Details | |||
| D291 | Glycopyrronium | small molecule | DB00986 | Details | |||
| D292 | Dopamine | small molecule | DB00988 | Details | |||
| D293 | Azathioprine | small molecule | DB00993 | Details | |||
| D294 | Gabapentin | small molecule | DB00996 | Details | |||
| D295 | Frovatriptan | small molecule | DB00998 | Details | |||
| D296 | Hydrochlorothiazide | small molecule | DB00999 | Details | |||
| D297 | Salbutamol | small molecule | DB01001 | Details | |||
| D298 | Levobupivacaine | small molecule | DB01002 | Details | |||
| D299 | Hydroxyurea | small molecule | DB01005 | Details | |||
| D300 | Letrozole | small molecule | DB01006 | Details | |||
| D301 | Metyrapone | small molecule | DB01011 | Details | |||
| D302 | Cinacalcet | small molecule | DB01012 | Details | |||
| D303 | Sulfamethoxazole | small molecule | DB01015 | Details | |||
| D304 | Bethanechol | small molecule | DB01019 | Details | |||
| D305 | Phylloquinone | small molecule | DB01022 | Details | |||
| D306 | Felodipine | small molecule | DB01023 | Details | |||
| D307 | Mycophenolic acid | small molecule | DB01024 | Details | |||
| D308 | Amlexanox | small molecule | DB01025 | Details | |||
| D309 | Irbesartan | small molecule | DB01029 | Details | |||
| D310 | Probenecid | small molecule | DB01032 | Details | |||
| D311 | Fenofibrate | small molecule | DB01039 | Details | |||
| D312 | Thalidomide | small molecule | DB01041 | Details | |||
| D313 | Ibuprofen | small molecule | DB01050 | Details | |||
| D314 | Benzylpenicillin | small molecule | DB01053 | Details | |||
| D315 | Amoxicillin | small molecule | DB01060 | Details | |||
| D316 | Melatonin | small molecule | DB01065 | Details | |||
| D317 | Glipizide | small molecule | DB01067 | Details | |||
| D318 | Promethazine | small molecule | DB01069 | Details | |||
| D319 | Diphenhydramine | small molecule | DB01075 | Details | |||
| D320 | Atorvastatin | small molecule | DB01076 | Details | |||
| D321 | Vigabatrin | small molecule | DB01080 | Details | |||
| D322 | Streptomycin | small molecule | DB01082 | Details | |||
| D323 | Orlistat | small molecule | DB01083 | Details | |||
| D324 | Pilocarpine | small molecule | DB01085 | Details | |||
| D325 | Benzocaine | small molecule | DB01086 | Details | |||
| D326 | Dimethyl sulfoxide | small molecule | DB01093 | Details | |||
| D327 | Pimozide | small molecule | DB01100 | Details | |||
| D328 | Sertraline | small molecule | DB01104 | Details | |||
| D329 | Miconazole | small molecule | DB01110 | Details | |||
| D330 | Nifedipine | small molecule | DB01115 | Details | |||
| D331 | Amiodarone | small molecule | DB01118 | Details | |||
| D332 | Diazoxide | small molecule | DB01119 | Details | |||
| D333 | Gliclazide | small molecule | DB01120 | Details | |||
| D334 | Tolbutamide | small molecule | DB01124 | Details | |||
| D335 | Dutasteride | small molecule | DB01126 | Details | |||
| D336 | Pioglitazone | small molecule | DB01132 | Details | |||
| D337 | Carvedilol | small molecule | DB01136 | Details | |||
| D338 | Levofloxacin | small molecule | DB01137 | Details | |||
| D339 | Cefadroxil | small molecule | DB01140 | Details | |||
| D340 | Bupropion | small molecule | DB01156 | Details | |||
| D341 | Terazosin | small molecule | DB01162 | Details | |||
| D342 | Ofloxacin | small molecule | DB01165 | Details | |||
| D343 | Cilostazol | small molecule | DB01166 | Details | |||
| D344 | Itraconazole | small molecule | DB01167 | Details | |||
| D345 | Chlormezanone | small molecule | DB01178 | Details | |||
| D346 | Naloxone | small molecule | DB01183 | Details | |||
| D347 | Domperidone | small molecule | DB01184 | Details | |||
| D348 | Ciclopirox | small molecule | DB01188 | Details | |||
| D349 | Desflurane | small molecule | DB01189 | Details | |||
| D350 | Clindamycin | small molecule | DB01190 | Details | |||
| D351 | Dexfenfluramine | small molecule | DB01191 | Details | |||
| D352 | Captopril | small molecule | DB01197 | Details | |||
| D353 | Zopiclone | small molecule | DB01198 | Details | |||
| D354 | Bromocriptine | small molecule | DB01200 | Details | |||
| D355 | Clarithromycin | small molecule | DB01211 | Details | |||
| D356 | Ceftriaxone | small molecule | DB01212 | Details | |||
| D357 | Anastrozole | small molecule | DB01217 | Details | |||
| D358 | Dantrolene | small molecule | DB01219 | Details | |||
| D359 | Budesonide | small molecule | DB01222 | Details | |||
| D360 | Quetiapine | small molecule | DB01224 | Details | |||
| D361 | Paclitaxel | small molecule | DB01229 | Details | |||
| D362 | Metoclopramide | small molecule | DB01233 | Details | |||
| D363 | Dexamethasone | small molecule | DB01234 | Details | |||
| D364 | Sevoflurane | small molecule | DB01236 | Details | |||
| D365 | Aripiprazole | small molecule | DB01238 | Details | |||
| D366 | Epoprostenol | small molecule | DB01240 | Details | |||
| D367 | Gliquidone | small molecule | DB01251 | Details | |||
| D368 | Dasatinib | small molecule | DB01254 | Details | |||
| D369 | Lapatinib | small molecule | DB01259 | Details | |||
| D370 | Darunavir | small molecule | DB01264 | Details | |||
| D371 | Sunitinib | small molecule | DB01268 | Details | |||
| D372 | Hydralazine | small molecule | DB01275 | Details | |||
| D373 | Lumiracoxib | small molecule | DB01283 | Details | |||
| D374 | Glucosamine | small molecule | DB01296 | Details | |||
| D375 | Cefazolin | small molecule | DB01327 | Details | |||
| D376 | Vecuronium | small molecule | DB01339 | Details | |||
| D377 | Cilazapril | small molecule | DB01340 | Details | |||
| D378 | Spirapril | small molecule | DB01348 | Details | |||
| D379 | Ephedrine | small molecule | DB01364 | Details | |||
| D380 | Yohimbine | small molecule | DB01392 | Details | |||
| D381 | Bezafibrate | small molecule | DB01393 | Details | |||
| D382 | Colchicine | small molecule | DB01394 | Details | |||
| D383 | Drospirenone | small molecule | DB01395 | Details | |||
| D384 | Methotrimeprazine | small molecule | DB01403 | Details | |||
| D385 | Clenbuterol | small molecule | DB01407 | Details | |||
| D386 | Theobromine | small molecule | DB01412 | Details | |||
| D387 | Cefepime | small molecule | DB01413 | Details | |||
| D388 | Alfacalcidol | small molecule | DB01436 | Details | |||
| D389 | Diamorphine | small molecule | DB01452 | Details | |||
| D390 | Metamfetamine | small molecule | DB01577 | Details | |||
| D391 | Sulfamethazine | small molecule | DB01582 | Details | |||
| D392 | Ursodeoxycholic acid | small molecule | DB01586 | Details | |||
| D393 | Probucol | small molecule | DB01599 | Details | |||
| D394 | Lopinavir | small molecule | DB01601 | Details | |||
| D395 | Tazobactam | small molecule | DB01606 | Details | |||
| D396 | Hydroxychloroquine | small molecule | DB01611 | Details | |||
| D397 | Molindone | small molecule | DB01618 | Details | |||
| D398 | Thiothixene | small molecule | DB01623 | Details | |||
| D399 | Sorbitol | small molecule | DB01638 | Details | |||
| D400 | Genistein | small molecule | DB01645 | Details | |||
| D401 | N,N-dimethylarginine | small molecule | DB01686 | Details | |||
| D402 | Prasterone | small molecule | DB01708 | Details | |||
| D403 | Pantothenic acid | small molecule | DB01783 | Details | |||
| D404 | Taurine | small molecule | DB01956 | Details | |||
| D405 | Calcipotriol | small molecule | DB02300 | Details | |||
| D406 | Thymol | small molecule | DB02513 | Details | |||
| D407 | gamma-Aminobutyric acid | small molecule | DB02530 | Details | |||
| D408 | Terlipressin | small molecule | DB02638 | Details | |||
| D409 | Nicotinamide | small molecule | DB02701 | Details | |||
| D410 | Fusidic acid | small molecule | DB02703 | Details | |||
| D411 | Resveratrol | small molecule | DB02709 | Details | |||
| D412 | Oxitriptan | small molecule | DB02959 | Details | |||
| D413 | Glycolic acid | small molecule | DB03085 | Details | |||
| D414 | Acetylcholine | small molecule | DB03128 | Details | |||
| D415 | Acetic acid | small molecule | DB03166 | Details | |||
| D416 | Phenol | small molecule | DB03255 | Details | |||
| D417 | Palmitic Acid | small molecule | DB03796 | Details | |||
| D418 | Eucalyptol | small molecule | DB03852 | Details | |||
| D419 | Citric acid | small molecule | DB04272 | Details | |||
| D420 | Maleic Acid | small molecule | DB04299 | Details | |||
| D421 | N,N,N-trimethylglycinium | small molecule | DB04455 | Details | |||
| D422 | Meso-Erythritol | small molecule | DB04481 | Details | |||
| D423 | Indole | small molecule | DB04532 | Details | |||
| D424 | Arachidonic Acid | small molecule | DB04557 | Details | |||
| D425 | Buformin | small molecule | DB04830 | Details | |||
| D426 | Methaqualone | small molecule | DB04833 | Details | |||
| D427 | Cyproterone acetate | small molecule | DB04839 | Details | |||
| D428 | Fluspirilene | small molecule | DB04842 | Details | |||
| D429 | Tetrabenazine | small molecule | DB04844 | Details | |||
| D430 | Febuxostat | small molecule | DB04854 | Details | |||
| D431 | Nebivolol | small molecule | DB04861 | Details | |||
| D432 | Vildagliptin | small molecule | DB04876 | Details | |||
| D433 | Voglibose | small molecule | DB04878 | Details | |||
| D434 | Iloperidone | small molecule | DB04946 | Details | |||
| D435 | Lobeline | small molecule | DB05137 | Details | |||
| D436 | Histamine | small molecule | DB05381 | Details | |||
| D437 | Iodine | small molecule | DB05382 | Details | |||
| D438 | Levoketoconazole | small molecule | DB05667 | Details | |||
| D439 | Acetylcysteine | small molecule | DB06151 | Details | |||
| D440 | Atrasentan | small molecule | DB06199 | Details | |||
| D441 | Rivaroxaban | small molecule | DB06228 | Details | |||
| D442 | Eflornithine | small molecule | DB06243 | Details | |||
| D443 | Sitaxentan | small molecule | DB06268 | Details | |||
| D444 | Amisulpride | small molecule | DB06288 | Details | |||
| D445 | Dapagliflozin | small molecule | DB06292 | Details | |||
| D446 | Darapladib | small molecule | DB06311 | Details | |||
| D447 | Saxagliptin | small molecule | DB06335 | Details | |||
| D448 | Ambrisentan | small molecule | DB06403 | Details | |||
| D449 | Etravirine | small molecule | DB06414 | Details | |||
| D450 | Prucalopride | small molecule | DB06480 | Details | |||
| D451 | Cetilistat | small molecule | DB06586 | Details | |||
| D452 | Agomelatine | small molecule | DB06594 | Details | |||
| D453 | Apixaban | small molecule | DB06605 | Details | |||
| D454 | Bosutinib | small molecule | DB06616 | Details | |||
| D455 | Desvenlafaxine | small molecule | DB06700 | Details | |||
| D456 | Methyltestosterone | small molecule | DB06710 | Details | |||
| D457 | Beta carotene | small molecule | DB06755 | Details | |||
| D458 | Manganese | small molecule | DB06757 | Details | |||
| D459 | Capsaicin | small molecule | DB06774 | Details | |||
| D460 | Chenodeoxycholic acid | small molecule | DB06777 | Details | |||
| D461 | Cupric sulfate | small molecule | DB06778 | Details | |||
| D462 | Lanreotide | small molecule | DB06791 | Details | |||
| D463 | Plerixafor | small molecule | DB06809 | Details | |||
| D464 | Phenylbutyric acid | small molecule | DB06819 | Details | |||
| D465 | 4,4'-PROPANE-2,2-DIYLDIPHENOL | small molecule | DB06973 | Details | |||
| D466 | Emodin | small molecule | DB07715 | Details | |||
| D467 | 7-METHOXY-1-METHYL-9H-BETA-CARBOLINE | small molecule | DB07919 | Details | |||
| D468 | Parecoxib | small molecule | DB08439 | Details | |||
| D469 | Triclosan | small molecule | DB08604 | Details | |||
| D470 | Nandrolone decanoate | small molecule | DB08804 | Details | |||
| D471 | Ticagrelor | small molecule | DB08816 | Details | |||
| D472 | Deferiprone | small molecule | DB08826 | Details | |||
| D473 | Uric acid | small molecule | DB08844 | Details | |||
| D474 | Pitavastatin | small molecule | DB08860 | Details | |||
| D475 | Rilpivirine | small molecule | DB08864 | Details | |||
| D476 | Linaclotide | small molecule | DB08890 | Details | |||
| D477 | Tofacitinib | small molecule | DB08895 | Details | |||
| D478 | Dimethyl fumarate | small molecule | DB08908 | Details | |||
| D479 | Sofosbuvir | small molecule | DB08934 | Details | |||
| D480 | Dexetimide | small molecule | DB08997 | Details | |||
| D481 | Bisacodyl | small molecule | DB09020 | Details | |||
| D482 | Aliskiren | small molecule | DB09026 | Details | |||
| D483 | Ledipasvir | small molecule | DB09027 | Details | |||
| D484 | Acipimox | small molecule | DB09055 | Details | |||
| D485 | Ciprofibrate | small molecule | DB09064 | Details | |||
| D486 | Olaparib | small molecule | DB09074 | Details | |||
| D487 | Benzoyl peroxide | small molecule | DB09096 | Details | |||
| D488 | Coenzyme M | small molecule | DB09110 | Details | |||
| D489 | Nicorandil | small molecule | DB09220 | Details | |||
| D490 | Manidipine | small molecule | DB09238 | Details | |||
| D491 | Methylene blue | small molecule | DB09241 | Details | |||
| D492 | Moxonidine | small molecule | DB09242 | Details | |||
| D493 | Ubidecarenone | small molecule | DB09270 | Details | |||
| D494 | Silibinin | small molecule | DB09298 | Details | |||
| D495 | Glycerin | small molecule | DB09462 | Details | |||
| D496 | Methyl salicylate | small molecule | DB09543 | Details | |||
| D497 | Ixazomib | small molecule | DB09570 | Details | |||
| D498 | Hydrogen peroxide | small molecule | DB11091 | Details | |||
| D499 | Lycopene | small molecule | DB11231 | Details | |||
| D500 | Medetomidine | small molecule | DB11428 | Details | |||
| D501 | Lesinurad | small molecule | DB11560 | Details | |||
| D502 | Carbon monoxide | small molecule | DB11588 | Details | |||
| D503 | Curcumin | small molecule | DB11672 | Details | |||
| D504 | Pyridoxamine | small molecule | DB11673 | Details | |||
| D505 | Equol | small molecule | DB11674 | Details | |||
| D506 | Mosapride | small molecule | DB11675 | Details | |||
| D507 | Ebastine | small molecule | DB11742 | Details | |||
| D508 | Rifamycin | small molecule | DB11753 | Details | |||
| D509 | Imidapril | small molecule | DB11783 | Details | |||
| D510 | Angiotensin II | small molecule | DB11842 | Details | |||
| D511 | Verinurad | small molecule | DB11873 | Details | |||
| D512 | 2,4-thiazolidinedione | small molecule | DB11898 | Details | |||
| D513 | Zuretinol acetate | small molecule | DB12112 | Details | |||
| D514 | Bradykinin | small molecule | DB12126 | Details | |||
| D515 | Sarpogrelate | small molecule | DB12163 | Details | |||
| D516 | Secoisolariciresinol | small molecule | DB12179 | Details | |||
| D517 | Bexagliflozin | small molecule | DB12236 | Details | |||
| D518 | Benzbromarone | small molecule | DB12319 | Details | |||
| D519 | Nitroaspirin | small molecule | DB12445 | Details | |||
| D520 | Piperine | small molecule | DB12582 | Details | |||
| D521 | Isoquercetin | small molecule | DB12665 | Details | |||
| D522 | Cicletanine | small molecule | DB12766 | Details | |||
| D523 | Gallopamil | small molecule | DB12923 | Details | |||
| D524 | Lactitol | small molecule | DB12942 | Details | |||
| D525 | Daidzein | small molecule | DB13182 | Details | |||
| D526 | Camostat | small molecule | DB13729 | Details | |||
| D527 | Fenofibric acid | small molecule | DB13873 | Details | |||
| D528 | Candesartan | small molecule | DB13919 | Details | |||
| D529 | Testosterone enanthate | small molecule | DB13944 | Details | |||
| D530 | Ferric cation | small molecule | DB13949 | Details | |||
| D531 | Palmidrol | small molecule | DB14043 | Details | |||
| D532 | Cianidanol | small molecule | DB14086 | Details | |||
| D533 | Tenofovir | small molecule | DB14126 | Details | |||
| D534 | Cinnamaldehyde | small molecule | DB14184 | Details | |||
| D535 | Cobaltous cation | small molecule | DB14205 | Details | |||
| D536 | Chromic cation | small molecule | DB14525 | Details | |||
| D537 | Zinc cation | small molecule | DB14532 | Details | |||
| D538 | Cupric cation | small molecule | DB14552 | Details | |||
| D539 | Bismuth cation | small molecule | DB14572 | Details | |||
| D540 | Calcium cation | small molecule | DB14577 | Details | |||
| D541 | Cortisone | small molecule | DB14681 | Details | |||
| D542 | Dabigatran | small molecule | DB14726 | Details | |||
| D543 | Remdesivir | small molecule | DB14761 | Details | |||
| D544 | Venglustat | small molecule | DB14966 | Details | |||
| D545 | Abrocitinib | small molecule | DB14973 | Details | |||
| D546 | Ursolic acid | small molecule | DB15588 | Details |