Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A00144 |
| PMID: | 24193408 |
| Source: | Pflugers Arch |
| Title: | Polycystin-1 but not polycystin-2 deficiency causes upregulation of the mTOR pathway and can be synergistically targeted with rapamycin and metformin. |
| Abstract: | Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in either PKD1 or PKD2 genes, which encode polycystin-1 (TRPP1) and polycystin-2 (TRPP2), respectively. Increased activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been shown in PKD1 mutants but is less documented for PKD2 mutants. Clinical trials using mTOR inhibitors were disappointing, while the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activator, metformin is not yet tested in patients. Here, we studied the mTOR activity and its upstream pathways in several human and mouse renal cell models with either siRNA or stable knockdown and with overexpression of TRPP2. Our data reveal for the first time differences between TRPP1 and TRPP2 deficiency. In contrast to TRPP1 deficiency, TRPP2-deficient cells did neither display excessive activation of the mTOR-kinase complex nor inhibition of AMPK activity, while ERK1/2 and Akt activity were similarly affected among TRPP1- and TRPP2-deficient cells. Furthermore, cell proliferation was more pronounced in TRPP1 than in TRPP2-deficient cells. Interestingly, combining low concentrations of rapamycin and metformin was more effective for inhibiting mTOR complex 1 activity in TRPP1-deficient cells than either drug alone. Our results demonstrate a synergistic effect of a combination of low concentrations of drugs suppressing the increased mTOR activity in TRPP1-deficient cells. This novel insight can be exploited in future clinical trials to optimize the efficiency and avoiding side effects of drugs in the treatment of ADPKD patients with PKD1 mutations. Furthermore, as TRPP2 deficiency by itself did not affect mTOR signaling, this may underlie the differences in phenotype, and genetic testing has to be considered for selecting patients for the ongoing trials. |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00424-013-1394-x |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I02 | 1184 | nephrotic syndrome | "A nephrosis characterized by marked increase in glomerular protein permeability resulting in marked elevation of urine protein levels, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercoagulability." [url:https\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome, url:https\://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults] | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D001 | Leuprolide | small molecule | DB00007 | Details | |||
| D002 | Goserelin | small molecule | DB00014 | Details | |||
| D003 | Cetrorelix | small molecule | DB00050 | Details | |||
| D004 | Pyridoxal phosphate | small molecule | DB00114 | Details | |||
| D005 | Histidine | small molecule | DB00117 | Details | |||
| D006 | Phenylalanine | small molecule | DB00120 | Details | |||
| D007 | Biotin | small molecule | DB00121 | Details | |||
| D008 | Choline | small molecule | DB00122 | Details | |||
| D009 | L-Lysine | small molecule | DB00123 | Details | |||
| D010 | Arginine | small molecule | DB00125 | Details | |||
| D011 | Ascorbic acid | small molecule | DB00126 | Details | |||
| D012 | Aspartic acid | small molecule | DB00128 | Details | |||
| D013 | Ornithine | small molecule | DB00129 | Details | |||
| D014 | L-Glutamine | small molecule | DB00130 | Details | |||
| D015 | Serine | small molecule | DB00133 | Details | |||
| D016 | Methionine | small molecule | DB00134 | Details | |||
| D017 | Tyrosine | small molecule | DB00135 | Details | |||
| D018 | Calcitriol | small molecule | DB00136 | Details | |||
| D019 | Lutein | small molecule | DB00137 | Details | |||
| D020 | Riboflavin | small molecule | DB00140 | Details | |||
| D021 | Glutamic acid | small molecule | DB00142 | Details | |||
| D022 | Phosphatidyl serine | small molecule | DB00144 | Details | |||
| D023 | Glycine | small molecule | DB00145 | Details | |||
| D024 | Calcifediol | small molecule | DB00146 | Details | |||
| D025 | Pyridoxal | small molecule | DB00147 | Details | |||
| D026 | Creatine | small molecule | DB00148 | Details | |||
| D027 | Leucine | small molecule | DB00149 | Details | |||
| D028 | Tryptophan | small molecule | DB00150 | Details | |||
| D029 | Cysteine | small molecule | DB00151 | Details | |||
| D030 | Thiamine | small molecule | DB00152 | Details | |||
| D031 | Ergocalciferol | small molecule | DB00153 | Details | |||
| D032 | Threonine | small molecule | DB00156 | Details | |||
| D033 | Alanine | small molecule | DB00160 | Details | |||
| D034 | Valine | small molecule | DB00161 | Details | |||
| D035 | Vitamin A | small molecule | DB00162 | Details | |||
| D036 | Vitamin E | small molecule | DB00163 | Details | |||
| D037 | Pyridoxine | small molecule | DB00165 | Details | |||
| D038 | Isoleucine | small molecule | DB00167 | Details | |||
| D039 | Cholecalciferol | small molecule | DB00169 | Details | |||
| D040 | Menadione | small molecule | DB00170 | Details | |||
| D041 | Proline | small molecule | DB00172 | Details | |||
| D042 | Pravastatin | small molecule | DB00175 | Details | |||
| D043 | Valsartan | small molecule | DB00177 | Details | |||
| D044 | Ramipril | small molecule | DB00178 | Details | |||
| D045 | Esmolol | small molecule | DB00187 | Details | |||
| D046 | Bortezomib | small molecule | DB00188 | Details | |||
| D047 | Phentermine | small molecule | DB00191 | Details | |||
| D048 | Tramadol | small molecule | DB00193 | Details | |||
| D049 | Fluconazole | small molecule | DB00196 | Details | |||
| D050 | Troglitazone | small molecule | DB00197 | Details | |||
| D051 | Oseltamivir | small molecule | DB00198 | Details | |||
| D052 | Erythromycin | small molecule | DB00199 | Details | |||
| D053 | Caffeine | small molecule | DB00201 | Details | |||
| D054 | Reserpine | small molecule | DB00206 | Details | |||
| D055 | Azithromycin | small molecule | DB00207 | Details | |||
| D056 | Pantoprazole | small molecule | DB00213 | Details | |||
| D057 | Torasemide | small molecule | DB00214 | Details | |||
| D058 | Citalopram | small molecule | DB00215 | Details | |||
| D059 | Moxifloxacin | small molecule | DB00218 | Details | |||
| D060 | Indinavir | small molecule | DB00224 | Details | |||
| D061 | Lovastatin | small molecule | DB00227 | Details | |||
| D062 | Pregabalin | small molecule | DB00230 | Details | |||
| D063 | Nevirapine | small molecule | DB00238 | Details | |||
| D064 | Ranolazine | small molecule | DB00243 | Details | |||
| D065 | Ziprasidone | small molecule | DB00246 | Details | |||
| D066 | Doxycycline | small molecule | DB00254 | Details | |||
| D067 | Clotrimazole | small molecule | DB00257 | Details | |||
| D068 | Metoprolol | small molecule | DB00264 | Details | |||
| D069 | Ropinirole | small molecule | DB00268 | Details | |||
| D070 | Chlorotrianisene | small molecule | DB00269 | Details | |||
| D071 | Topiramate | small molecule | DB00273 | Details | |||
| D072 | Olmesartan | small molecule | DB00275 | Details | |||
| D073 | Theophylline | small molecule | DB00277 | Details | |||
| D074 | Lidocaine | small molecule | DB00281 | Details | |||
| D075 | Pamidronic acid | small molecule | DB00282 | Details | |||
| D076 | Chlorambucil | small molecule | DB00291 | Details | |||
| D077 | Morphine | small molecule | DB00295 | Details | |||
| D078 | Bupivacaine | small molecule | DB00297 | Details | |||
| D079 | Tranexamic acid | small molecule | DB00302 | Details | |||
| D080 | Ertapenem | small molecule | DB00303 | Details | |||
| D081 | Mitomycin | small molecule | DB00305 | Details | |||
| D082 | Chlorthalidone | small molecule | DB00310 | Details | |||
| D083 | Valproic acid | small molecule | DB00313 | Details | |||
| D084 | Acetaminophen | small molecule | DB00316 | Details | |||
| D085 | Piperacillin | small molecule | DB00319 | Details | |||
| D086 | Amitriptyline | small molecule | DB00321 | Details | |||
| D087 | Nitroprusside | small molecule | DB00325 | Details | |||
| D088 | Indomethacin | small molecule | DB00328 | Details | |||
| D089 | Metformin | small molecule | DB00331 | Details | |||
| D090 | Methadone | small molecule | DB00333 | Details | |||
| D091 | Olanzapine | small molecule | DB00334 | Details | |||
| D092 | Atenolol | small molecule | DB00335 | Details | |||
| D093 | Cetirizine | small molecule | DB00341 | Details | |||
| D094 | Diltiazem | small molecule | DB00343 | Details | |||
| D095 | Minoxidil | small molecule | DB00350 | Details | |||
| D096 | Chlorzoxazone | small molecule | DB00356 | Details | |||
| D097 | Clozapine | small molecule | DB00363 | Details | |||
| D098 | Levonorgestrel | small molecule | DB00367 | Details | |||
| D099 | Norepinephrine | small molecule | DB00368 | Details | |||
| D100 | Cidofovir | small molecule | DB00369 | Details | |||
| D101 | Mirtazapine | small molecule | DB00370 | Details | |||
| D102 | Treprostinil | small molecule | DB00374 | Details | |||
| D103 | Dydrogesterone | small molecule | DB00378 | Details | |||
| D104 | Amlodipine | small molecule | DB00381 | Details | |||
| D105 | Triamterene | small molecule | DB00384 | Details | |||
| D106 | Phenylephrine | small molecule | DB00388 | Details | |||
| D107 | Digoxin | small molecule | DB00390 | Details | |||
| D108 | Nimodipine | small molecule | DB00393 | Details | |||
| D109 | Progesterone | small molecule | DB00396 | Details | |||
| D110 | Sorafenib | small molecule | DB00398 | Details | |||
| D111 | Zoledronic acid | small molecule | DB00399 | Details | |||
| D112 | Eszopiclone | small molecule | DB00402 | Details | |||
| D113 | Alprazolam | small molecule | DB00404 | Details | |||
| D114 | Loxapine | small molecule | DB00408 | Details | |||
| D115 | Mupirocin | small molecule | DB00410 | Details | |||
| D116 | Rosiglitazone | small molecule | DB00412 | Details | |||
| D117 | Acetohexamide | small molecule | DB00414 | Details | |||
| D118 | Ampicillin | small molecule | DB00415 | Details | |||
| D119 | Spironolactone | small molecule | DB00421 | Details | |||
| D120 | Methocarbamol | small molecule | DB00423 | Details | |||
| D121 | Zolpidem | small molecule | DB00425 | Details | |||
| D122 | Nitric Oxide | small molecule | DB00435 | Details | |||
| D123 | Ceftazidime | small molecule | DB00438 | Details | |||
| D124 | Trimethoprim | small molecule | DB00440 | Details | |||
| D125 | Betamethasone | small molecule | DB00443 | Details | |||
| D126 | Lansoprazole | small molecule | DB00448 | Details | |||
| D127 | Loratadine | small molecule | DB00455 | Details | |||
| D128 | Imipramine | small molecule | DB00458 | Details | |||
| D129 | Dronabinol | small molecule | DB00470 | Details | |||
| D130 | Montelukast | small molecule | DB00471 | Details | |||
| D131 | Fluoxetine | small molecule | DB00472 | Details | |||
| D132 | Duloxetine | small molecule | DB00476 | Details | |||
| D133 | Chlorpromazine | small molecule | DB00477 | Details | |||
| D134 | Amikacin | small molecule | DB00479 | Details | |||
| D135 | Lenalidomide | small molecule | DB00480 | Details | |||
| D136 | Celecoxib | small molecule | DB00482 | Details | |||
| D137 | Altretamine | small molecule | DB00488 | Details | |||
| D138 | Miglitol | small molecule | DB00491 | Details | |||
| D139 | Cefotaxime | small molecule | DB00493 | Details | |||
| D140 | Zidovudine | small molecule | DB00495 | Details | |||
| D141 | Oxycodone | small molecule | DB00497 | Details | |||
| D142 | Cimetidine | small molecule | DB00501 | Details | |||
| D143 | Ritonavir | small molecule | DB00503 | Details | |||
| D144 | Nitazoxanide | small molecule | DB00507 | Details | |||
| D145 | Vancomycin | small molecule | DB00512 | Details | |||
| D146 | Aminocaproic acid | small molecule | DB00513 | Details | |||
| D147 | Trandolapril | small molecule | DB00519 | Details | |||
| D148 | Metolazone | small molecule | DB00524 | Details | |||
| D149 | Tolnaftate | small molecule | DB00525 | Details | |||
| D150 | Lercanidipine | small molecule | DB00528 | Details | |||
| D151 | Cyclophosphamide | small molecule | DB00531 | Details | |||
| D152 | Ciprofloxacin | small molecule | DB00537 | Details | |||
| D153 | Benazepril | small molecule | DB00542 | Details | |||
| D154 | Propylthiouracil | small molecule | DB00550 | Details | |||
| D155 | Zanamivir | small molecule | DB00558 | Details | |||
| D156 | Bosentan | small molecule | DB00559 | Details | |||
| D157 | Methotrexate | small molecule | DB00563 | Details | |||
| D158 | Cisatracurium | small molecule | DB00565 | Details | |||
| D159 | Cephalexin | small molecule | DB00567 | Details | |||
| D160 | Propranolol | small molecule | DB00571 | Details | |||
| D161 | Atropine | small molecule | DB00572 | Details | |||
| D162 | Clonidine | small molecule | DB00575 | Details | |||
| D163 | Lactulose | small molecule | DB00581 | Details | |||
| D164 | Voriconazole | small molecule | DB00582 | Details | |||
| D165 | Diclofenac | small molecule | DB00586 | Details | |||
| D166 | Doxazosin | small molecule | DB00590 | Details | |||
| D167 | Amiloride | small molecule | DB00594 | Details | |||
| D168 | Labetalol | small molecule | DB00598 | Details | |||
| D169 | Thiopental | small molecule | DB00599 | Details | |||
| D170 | Linezolid | small molecule | DB00601 | Details | |||
| D171 | Cisapride | small molecule | DB00604 | Details | |||
| D172 | Nafcillin | small molecule | DB00607 | Details | |||
| D173 | Chloroquine | small molecule | DB00608 | Details | |||
| D174 | Bisoprolol | small molecule | DB00612 | Details | |||
| D175 | Fluphenazine | small molecule | DB00623 | Details | |||
| D176 | Testosterone | small molecule | DB00624 | Details | |||
| D177 | Efavirenz | small molecule | DB00625 | Details | |||
| D178 | Bacitracin | small molecule | DB00626 | Details | |||
| D179 | Niacin | small molecule | DB00627 | Details | |||
| D180 | Alendronic acid | small molecule | DB00630 | Details | |||
| D181 | Prednisone | small molecule | DB00635 | Details | |||
| D182 | Inulin | small molecule | DB00638 | Details | |||
| D183 | Adenosine | small molecule | DB00640 | Details | |||
| D184 | Simvastatin | small molecule | DB00641 | Details | |||
| D185 | Stavudine | small molecule | DB00649 | Details | |||
| D186 | Trazodone | small molecule | DB00656 | Details | |||
| D187 | Verapamil | small molecule | DB00661 | Details | |||
| D188 | Epinephrine | small molecule | DB00668 | Details | |||
| D189 | Pirenzepine | small molecule | DB00670 | Details | |||
| D190 | Cefixime | small molecule | DB00671 | Details | |||
| D191 | Chlorpropamide | small molecule | DB00672 | Details | |||
| D192 | Losartan | small molecule | DB00678 | Details | |||
| D193 | Thioridazine | small molecule | DB00679 | Details | |||
| D194 | Warfarin | small molecule | DB00682 | Details | |||
| D195 | Midazolam | small molecule | DB00683 | Details | |||
| D196 | Tobramycin | small molecule | DB00684 | Details | |||
| D197 | Fludrocortisone | small molecule | DB00687 | Details | |||
| D198 | Phentolamine | small molecule | DB00692 | Details | |||
| D199 | Furosemide | small molecule | DB00695 | Details | |||
| D200 | Eplerenone | small molecule | DB00700 | Details | |||
| D201 | Amprenavir | small molecule | DB00701 | Details | |||
| D202 | Naltrexone | small molecule | DB00704 | Details | |||
| D203 | Tamsulosin | small molecule | DB00706 | Details | |||
| D204 | Lamivudine | small molecule | DB00709 | Details | |||
| D205 | Ibandronate | small molecule | DB00710 | Details | |||
| D206 | Flurbiprofen | small molecule | DB00712 | Details | |||
| D207 | Oxacillin | small molecule | DB00713 | Details | |||
| D208 | Paroxetine | small molecule | DB00715 | Details | |||
| D209 | Lisinopril | small molecule | DB00722 | Details | |||
| D210 | Nitroglycerin | small molecule | DB00727 | Details | |||
| D211 | Rocuronium | small molecule | DB00728 | Details | |||
| D212 | Risperidone | small molecule | DB00734 | Details | |||
| D213 | Esomeprazole | small molecule | DB00736 | Details | |||
| D214 | Pentamidine | small molecule | DB00738 | Details | |||
| D215 | Hydrocortisone | small molecule | DB00741 | Details | |||
| D216 | Mannitol | small molecule | DB00742 | Details | |||
| D217 | Deferoxamine | small molecule | DB00746 | Details | |||
| D218 | Prilocaine | small molecule | DB00750 | Details | |||
| D219 | Isoflurane | small molecule | DB00753 | Details | |||
| D220 | Clopidogrel | small molecule | DB00758 | Details | |||
| D221 | Methimazole | small molecule | DB00763 | Details | |||
| D222 | Clavulanic acid | small molecule | DB00766 | Details | |||
| D223 | Alprostadil | small molecule | DB00770 | Details | |||
| D224 | Mefenamic acid | small molecule | DB00784 | Details | |||
| D225 | Perindopril | small molecule | DB00790 | Details | |||
| D226 | Alfentanil | small molecule | DB00802 | Details | |||
| D227 | Pentoxifylline | small molecule | DB00806 | Details | |||
| D228 | Indapamide | small molecule | DB00808 | Details | |||
| D229 | Tropicamide | small molecule | DB00809 | Details | |||
| D230 | Ribavirin | small molecule | DB00811 | Details | |||
| D231 | Fentanyl | small molecule | DB00813 | Details | |||
| D232 | Propofol | small molecule | DB00818 | Details | |||
| D233 | Acetazolamide | small molecule | DB00819 | Details | |||
| D234 | Tadalafil | small molecule | DB00820 | Details | |||
| D235 | Fosfomycin | small molecule | DB00828 | Details | |||
| D236 | Diazepam | small molecule | DB00829 | Details | |||
| D237 | Trifluoperazine | small molecule | DB00831 | Details | |||
| D238 | Mifepristone | small molecule | DB00834 | Details | |||
| D239 | Tolazamide | small molecule | DB00839 | Details | |||
| D240 | Dobutamine | small molecule | DB00841 | Details | |||
| D241 | Donepezil | small molecule | DB00843 | Details | |||
| D242 | Nalbuphine | small molecule | DB00844 | Details | |||
| D243 | Levamisole | small molecule | DB00848 | Details | |||
| D244 | Perphenazine | small molecule | DB00850 | Details | |||
| D245 | Pseudoephedrine | small molecule | DB00852 | Details | |||
| D246 | Aminolevulinic acid | small molecule | DB00855 | Details | |||
| D247 | Terbinafine | small molecule | DB00857 | Details | |||
| D248 | Prednisolone | small molecule | DB00860 | Details | |||
| D249 | Diflunisal | small molecule | DB00861 | Details | |||
| D250 | Terbutaline | small molecule | DB00871 | Details | |||
| D251 | Guaifenesin | small molecule | DB00874 | Details | |||
| D252 | Eprosartan | small molecule | DB00876 | Details | |||
| D253 | Sirolimus | small molecule | DB00877 | Details | |||
| D254 | Emtricitabine | small molecule | DB00879 | Details | |||
| D255 | Quinapril | small molecule | DB00881 | Details | |||
| D256 | Isosorbide dinitrate | small molecule | DB00883 | Details | |||
| D257 | Mechlorethamine | small molecule | DB00888 | Details | |||
| D258 | Ethanol | small molecule | DB00898 | Details | |||
| D259 | Remifentanil | small molecule | DB00899 | Details | |||
| D260 | Ondansetron | small molecule | DB00904 | Details | |||
| D261 | Cocaine | small molecule | DB00907 | Details | |||
| D262 | Repaglinide | small molecule | DB00912 | Details | |||
| D263 | Phenformin | small molecule | DB00914 | Details | |||
| D264 | Amantadine | small molecule | DB00915 | Details | |||
| D265 | Metronidazole | small molecule | DB00916 | Details | |||
| D266 | Dinoprostone | small molecule | DB00917 | Details | |||
| D267 | Buprenorphine | small molecule | DB00921 | Details | |||
| D268 | Azacitidine | small molecule | DB00928 | Details | |||
| D269 | Misoprostol | small molecule | DB00929 | Details | |||
| D270 | Mesoridazine | small molecule | DB00933 | Details | |||
| D271 | Oxymetazoline | small molecule | DB00935 | Details | |||
| D272 | Salicylic acid | small molecule | DB00936 | Details | |||
| D273 | Acetylsalicylic acid | small molecule | DB00945 | Details | |||
| D274 | Phenprocoumon | small molecule | DB00946 | Details | |||
| D275 | Fexofenadine | small molecule | DB00950 | Details | |||
| D276 | Isoniazid | small molecule | DB00951 | Details | |||
| D277 | Norgestimate | small molecule | DB00957 | Details | |||
| D278 | Methylprednisolone | small molecule | DB00959 | Details | |||
| D279 | Mepivacaine | small molecule | DB00961 | Details | |||
| D280 | Zaleplon | small molecule | DB00962 | Details | |||
| D281 | Bromfenac | small molecule | DB00963 | Details | |||
| D282 | Telmisartan | small molecule | DB00966 | Details | |||
| D283 | Methyldopa | small molecule | DB00968 | Details | |||
| D284 | Ezetimibe | small molecule | DB00973 | Details | |||
| D285 | Edetic acid | small molecule | DB00974 | Details | |||
| D286 | Dipyridamole | small molecule | DB00975 | Details | |||
| D287 | Ethinylestradiol | small molecule | DB00977 | Details | |||
| D288 | Physostigmine | small molecule | DB00981 | Details | |||
| D289 | Isotretinoin | small molecule | DB00982 | Details | |||
| D290 | Nandrolone phenpropionate | small molecule | DB00984 | Details | |||
| D291 | Glycopyrronium | small molecule | DB00986 | Details | |||
| D292 | Dopamine | small molecule | DB00988 | Details | |||
| D293 | Azathioprine | small molecule | DB00993 | Details | |||
| D294 | Gabapentin | small molecule | DB00996 | Details | |||
| D295 | Frovatriptan | small molecule | DB00998 | Details | |||
| D296 | Hydrochlorothiazide | small molecule | DB00999 | Details | |||
| D297 | Salbutamol | small molecule | DB01001 | Details | |||
| D298 | Levobupivacaine | small molecule | DB01002 | Details | |||
| D299 | Hydroxyurea | small molecule | DB01005 | Details | |||
| D300 | Letrozole | small molecule | DB01006 | Details | |||
| D301 | Metyrapone | small molecule | DB01011 | Details | |||
| D302 | Cinacalcet | small molecule | DB01012 | Details | |||
| D303 | Sulfamethoxazole | small molecule | DB01015 | Details | |||
| D304 | Bethanechol | small molecule | DB01019 | Details | |||
| D305 | Phylloquinone | small molecule | DB01022 | Details | |||
| D306 | Felodipine | small molecule | DB01023 | Details | |||
| D307 | Mycophenolic acid | small molecule | DB01024 | Details | |||
| D308 | Amlexanox | small molecule | DB01025 | Details | |||
| D309 | Irbesartan | small molecule | DB01029 | Details | |||
| D310 | Probenecid | small molecule | DB01032 | Details | |||
| D311 | Fenofibrate | small molecule | DB01039 | Details | |||
| D312 | Thalidomide | small molecule | DB01041 | Details | |||
| D313 | Ibuprofen | small molecule | DB01050 | Details | |||
| D314 | Benzylpenicillin | small molecule | DB01053 | Details | |||
| D315 | Amoxicillin | small molecule | DB01060 | Details | |||
| D316 | Melatonin | small molecule | DB01065 | Details | |||
| D317 | Glipizide | small molecule | DB01067 | Details | |||
| D318 | Promethazine | small molecule | DB01069 | Details | |||
| D319 | Diphenhydramine | small molecule | DB01075 | Details | |||
| D320 | Atorvastatin | small molecule | DB01076 | Details | |||
| D321 | Vigabatrin | small molecule | DB01080 | Details | |||
| D322 | Streptomycin | small molecule | DB01082 | Details | |||
| D323 | Orlistat | small molecule | DB01083 | Details | |||
| D324 | Pilocarpine | small molecule | DB01085 | Details | |||
| D325 | Benzocaine | small molecule | DB01086 | Details | |||
| D326 | Dimethyl sulfoxide | small molecule | DB01093 | Details | |||
| D327 | Pimozide | small molecule | DB01100 | Details | |||
| D328 | Sertraline | small molecule | DB01104 | Details | |||
| D329 | Miconazole | small molecule | DB01110 | Details | |||
| D330 | Nifedipine | small molecule | DB01115 | Details | |||
| D331 | Amiodarone | small molecule | DB01118 | Details | |||
| D332 | Diazoxide | small molecule | DB01119 | Details | |||
| D333 | Gliclazide | small molecule | DB01120 | Details | |||
| D334 | Tolbutamide | small molecule | DB01124 | Details | |||
| D335 | Dutasteride | small molecule | DB01126 | Details | |||
| D336 | Pioglitazone | small molecule | DB01132 | Details | |||
| D337 | Carvedilol | small molecule | DB01136 | Details | |||
| D338 | Levofloxacin | small molecule | DB01137 | Details | |||
| D339 | Cefadroxil | small molecule | DB01140 | Details | |||
| D340 | Bupropion | small molecule | DB01156 | Details | |||
| D341 | Terazosin | small molecule | DB01162 | Details | |||
| D342 | Ofloxacin | small molecule | DB01165 | Details | |||
| D343 | Cilostazol | small molecule | DB01166 | Details | |||
| D344 | Itraconazole | small molecule | DB01167 | Details | |||
| D345 | Chlormezanone | small molecule | DB01178 | Details | |||
| D346 | Naloxone | small molecule | DB01183 | Details | |||
| D347 | Domperidone | small molecule | DB01184 | Details | |||
| D348 | Ciclopirox | small molecule | DB01188 | Details | |||
| D349 | Desflurane | small molecule | DB01189 | Details | |||
| D350 | Clindamycin | small molecule | DB01190 | Details | |||
| D351 | Dexfenfluramine | small molecule | DB01191 | Details | |||
| D352 | Captopril | small molecule | DB01197 | Details | |||
| D353 | Zopiclone | small molecule | DB01198 | Details | |||
| D354 | Bromocriptine | small molecule | DB01200 | Details | |||
| D355 | Clarithromycin | small molecule | DB01211 | Details | |||
| D356 | Ceftriaxone | small molecule | DB01212 | Details | |||
| D357 | Anastrozole | small molecule | DB01217 | Details | |||
| D358 | Dantrolene | small molecule | DB01219 | Details | |||
| D359 | Budesonide | small molecule | DB01222 | Details | |||
| D360 | Quetiapine | small molecule | DB01224 | Details | |||
| D361 | Paclitaxel | small molecule | DB01229 | Details | |||
| D362 | Metoclopramide | small molecule | DB01233 | Details | |||
| D363 | Dexamethasone | small molecule | DB01234 | Details | |||
| D364 | Sevoflurane | small molecule | DB01236 | Details | |||
| D365 | Aripiprazole | small molecule | DB01238 | Details | |||
| D366 | Epoprostenol | small molecule | DB01240 | Details | |||
| D367 | Gliquidone | small molecule | DB01251 | Details | |||
| D368 | Dasatinib | small molecule | DB01254 | Details | |||
| D369 | Lapatinib | small molecule | DB01259 | Details | |||
| D370 | Darunavir | small molecule | DB01264 | Details | |||
| D371 | Sunitinib | small molecule | DB01268 | Details | |||
| D372 | Hydralazine | small molecule | DB01275 | Details | |||
| D373 | Lumiracoxib | small molecule | DB01283 | Details | |||
| D374 | Glucosamine | small molecule | DB01296 | Details | |||
| D375 | Cefazolin | small molecule | DB01327 | Details | |||
| D376 | Vecuronium | small molecule | DB01339 | Details | |||
| D377 | Cilazapril | small molecule | DB01340 | Details | |||
| D378 | Spirapril | small molecule | DB01348 | Details | |||
| D379 | Ephedrine | small molecule | DB01364 | Details | |||
| D380 | Yohimbine | small molecule | DB01392 | Details | |||
| D381 | Bezafibrate | small molecule | DB01393 | Details | |||
| D382 | Colchicine | small molecule | DB01394 | Details | |||
| D383 | Drospirenone | small molecule | DB01395 | Details | |||
| D384 | Methotrimeprazine | small molecule | DB01403 | Details | |||
| D385 | Clenbuterol | small molecule | DB01407 | Details | |||
| D386 | Theobromine | small molecule | DB01412 | Details | |||
| D387 | Cefepime | small molecule | DB01413 | Details | |||
| D388 | Alfacalcidol | small molecule | DB01436 | Details | |||
| D389 | Diamorphine | small molecule | DB01452 | Details | |||
| D390 | Metamfetamine | small molecule | DB01577 | Details | |||
| D391 | Sulfamethazine | small molecule | DB01582 | Details | |||
| D392 | Ursodeoxycholic acid | small molecule | DB01586 | Details | |||
| D393 | Probucol | small molecule | DB01599 | Details | |||
| D394 | Lopinavir | small molecule | DB01601 | Details | |||
| D395 | Tazobactam | small molecule | DB01606 | Details | |||
| D396 | Hydroxychloroquine | small molecule | DB01611 | Details | |||
| D397 | Molindone | small molecule | DB01618 | Details | |||
| D398 | Thiothixene | small molecule | DB01623 | Details | |||
| D399 | Sorbitol | small molecule | DB01638 | Details | |||
| D400 | Genistein | small molecule | DB01645 | Details | |||
| D401 | N,N-dimethylarginine | small molecule | DB01686 | Details | |||
| D402 | Prasterone | small molecule | DB01708 | Details | |||
| D403 | Pantothenic acid | small molecule | DB01783 | Details | |||
| D404 | Taurine | small molecule | DB01956 | Details | |||
| D405 | Calcipotriol | small molecule | DB02300 | Details | |||
| D406 | Thymol | small molecule | DB02513 | Details | |||
| D407 | gamma-Aminobutyric acid | small molecule | DB02530 | Details | |||
| D408 | Terlipressin | small molecule | DB02638 | Details | |||
| D409 | Nicotinamide | small molecule | DB02701 | Details | |||
| D410 | Fusidic acid | small molecule | DB02703 | Details | |||
| D411 | Resveratrol | small molecule | DB02709 | Details | |||
| D412 | Oxitriptan | small molecule | DB02959 | Details | |||
| D413 | Glycolic acid | small molecule | DB03085 | Details | |||
| D414 | Acetylcholine | small molecule | DB03128 | Details | |||
| D415 | Acetic acid | small molecule | DB03166 | Details | |||
| D416 | Phenol | small molecule | DB03255 | Details | |||
| D417 | Palmitic Acid | small molecule | DB03796 | Details | |||
| D418 | Eucalyptol | small molecule | DB03852 | Details | |||
| D419 | Citric acid | small molecule | DB04272 | Details | |||
| D420 | Maleic Acid | small molecule | DB04299 | Details | |||
| D421 | N,N,N-trimethylglycinium | small molecule | DB04455 | Details | |||
| D422 | Meso-Erythritol | small molecule | DB04481 | Details | |||
| D423 | Indole | small molecule | DB04532 | Details | |||
| D424 | Arachidonic Acid | small molecule | DB04557 | Details | |||
| D425 | Buformin | small molecule | DB04830 | Details | |||
| D426 | Methaqualone | small molecule | DB04833 | Details | |||
| D427 | Cyproterone acetate | small molecule | DB04839 | Details | |||
| D428 | Fluspirilene | small molecule | DB04842 | Details | |||
| D429 | Tetrabenazine | small molecule | DB04844 | Details | |||
| D430 | Febuxostat | small molecule | DB04854 | Details | |||
| D431 | Nebivolol | small molecule | DB04861 | Details | |||
| D432 | Vildagliptin | small molecule | DB04876 | Details | |||
| D433 | Voglibose | small molecule | DB04878 | Details | |||
| D434 | Iloperidone | small molecule | DB04946 | Details | |||
| D435 | Lobeline | small molecule | DB05137 | Details | |||
| D436 | Histamine | small molecule | DB05381 | Details | |||
| D437 | Iodine | small molecule | DB05382 | Details | |||
| D438 | Levoketoconazole | small molecule | DB05667 | Details | |||
| D439 | Acetylcysteine | small molecule | DB06151 | Details | |||
| D440 | Atrasentan | small molecule | DB06199 | Details | |||
| D441 | Rivaroxaban | small molecule | DB06228 | Details | |||
| D442 | Eflornithine | small molecule | DB06243 | Details | |||
| D443 | Sitaxentan | small molecule | DB06268 | Details | |||
| D444 | Amisulpride | small molecule | DB06288 | Details | |||
| D445 | Dapagliflozin | small molecule | DB06292 | Details | |||
| D446 | Darapladib | small molecule | DB06311 | Details | |||
| D447 | Saxagliptin | small molecule | DB06335 | Details | |||
| D448 | Ambrisentan | small molecule | DB06403 | Details | |||
| D449 | Etravirine | small molecule | DB06414 | Details | |||
| D450 | Prucalopride | small molecule | DB06480 | Details | |||
| D451 | Cetilistat | small molecule | DB06586 | Details | |||
| D452 | Agomelatine | small molecule | DB06594 | Details | |||
| D453 | Apixaban | small molecule | DB06605 | Details | |||
| D454 | Bosutinib | small molecule | DB06616 | Details | |||
| D455 | Desvenlafaxine | small molecule | DB06700 | Details | |||
| D456 | Methyltestosterone | small molecule | DB06710 | Details | |||
| D457 | Beta carotene | small molecule | DB06755 | Details | |||
| D458 | Manganese | small molecule | DB06757 | Details | |||
| D459 | Capsaicin | small molecule | DB06774 | Details | |||
| D460 | Chenodeoxycholic acid | small molecule | DB06777 | Details | |||
| D461 | Cupric sulfate | small molecule | DB06778 | Details | |||
| D462 | Lanreotide | small molecule | DB06791 | Details | |||
| D463 | Plerixafor | small molecule | DB06809 | Details | |||
| D464 | Phenylbutyric acid | small molecule | DB06819 | Details | |||
| D465 | 4,4'-PROPANE-2,2-DIYLDIPHENOL | small molecule | DB06973 | Details | |||
| D466 | Emodin | small molecule | DB07715 | Details | |||
| D467 | 7-METHOXY-1-METHYL-9H-BETA-CARBOLINE | small molecule | DB07919 | Details | |||
| D468 | Parecoxib | small molecule | DB08439 | Details | |||
| D469 | Triclosan | small molecule | DB08604 | Details | |||
| D470 | Nandrolone decanoate | small molecule | DB08804 | Details | |||
| D471 | Ticagrelor | small molecule | DB08816 | Details | |||
| D472 | Deferiprone | small molecule | DB08826 | Details | |||
| D473 | Uric acid | small molecule | DB08844 | Details | |||
| D474 | Pitavastatin | small molecule | DB08860 | Details | |||
| D475 | Rilpivirine | small molecule | DB08864 | Details | |||
| D476 | Linaclotide | small molecule | DB08890 | Details | |||
| D477 | Tofacitinib | small molecule | DB08895 | Details | |||
| D478 | Dimethyl fumarate | small molecule | DB08908 | Details | |||
| D479 | Sofosbuvir | small molecule | DB08934 | Details | |||
| D480 | Dexetimide | small molecule | DB08997 | Details | |||
| D481 | Bisacodyl | small molecule | DB09020 | Details | |||
| D482 | Aliskiren | small molecule | DB09026 | Details | |||
| D483 | Ledipasvir | small molecule | DB09027 | Details | |||
| D484 | Acipimox | small molecule | DB09055 | Details | |||
| D485 | Ciprofibrate | small molecule | DB09064 | Details | |||
| D486 | Olaparib | small molecule | DB09074 | Details | |||
| D487 | Benzoyl peroxide | small molecule | DB09096 | Details | |||
| D488 | Coenzyme M | small molecule | DB09110 | Details | |||
| D489 | Nicorandil | small molecule | DB09220 | Details | |||
| D490 | Manidipine | small molecule | DB09238 | Details | |||
| D491 | Methylene blue | small molecule | DB09241 | Details | |||
| D492 | Moxonidine | small molecule | DB09242 | Details | |||
| D493 | Ubidecarenone | small molecule | DB09270 | Details | |||
| D494 | Silibinin | small molecule | DB09298 | Details | |||
| D495 | Glycerin | small molecule | DB09462 | Details | |||
| D496 | Methyl salicylate | small molecule | DB09543 | Details | |||
| D497 | Ixazomib | small molecule | DB09570 | Details | |||
| D498 | Hydrogen peroxide | small molecule | DB11091 | Details | |||
| D499 | Lycopene | small molecule | DB11231 | Details | |||
| D500 | Medetomidine | small molecule | DB11428 | Details | |||
| D501 | Lesinurad | small molecule | DB11560 | Details | |||
| D502 | Carbon monoxide | small molecule | DB11588 | Details | |||
| D503 | Curcumin | small molecule | DB11672 | Details | |||
| D504 | Pyridoxamine | small molecule | DB11673 | Details | |||
| D505 | Equol | small molecule | DB11674 | Details | |||
| D506 | Mosapride | small molecule | DB11675 | Details | |||
| D507 | Ebastine | small molecule | DB11742 | Details | |||
| D508 | Rifamycin | small molecule | DB11753 | Details | |||
| D509 | Imidapril | small molecule | DB11783 | Details | |||
| D510 | Angiotensin II | small molecule | DB11842 | Details | |||
| D511 | Verinurad | small molecule | DB11873 | Details | |||
| D512 | 2,4-thiazolidinedione | small molecule | DB11898 | Details | |||
| D513 | Zuretinol acetate | small molecule | DB12112 | Details | |||
| D514 | Bradykinin | small molecule | DB12126 | Details | |||
| D515 | Sarpogrelate | small molecule | DB12163 | Details | |||
| D516 | Secoisolariciresinol | small molecule | DB12179 | Details | |||
| D517 | Bexagliflozin | small molecule | DB12236 | Details | |||
| D518 | Benzbromarone | small molecule | DB12319 | Details | |||
| D519 | Nitroaspirin | small molecule | DB12445 | Details | |||
| D520 | Piperine | small molecule | DB12582 | Details | |||
| D521 | Isoquercetin | small molecule | DB12665 | Details | |||
| D522 | Cicletanine | small molecule | DB12766 | Details | |||
| D523 | Gallopamil | small molecule | DB12923 | Details | |||
| D524 | Lactitol | small molecule | DB12942 | Details | |||
| D525 | Daidzein | small molecule | DB13182 | Details | |||
| D526 | Camostat | small molecule | DB13729 | Details | |||
| D527 | Fenofibric acid | small molecule | DB13873 | Details | |||
| D528 | Candesartan | small molecule | DB13919 | Details | |||
| D529 | Testosterone enanthate | small molecule | DB13944 | Details | |||
| D530 | Ferric cation | small molecule | DB13949 | Details | |||
| D531 | Palmidrol | small molecule | DB14043 | Details | |||
| D532 | Cianidanol | small molecule | DB14086 | Details | |||
| D533 | Tenofovir | small molecule | DB14126 | Details | |||
| D534 | Cinnamaldehyde | small molecule | DB14184 | Details | |||
| D535 | Cobaltous cation | small molecule | DB14205 | Details | |||
| D536 | Chromic cation | small molecule | DB14525 | Details | |||
| D537 | Zinc cation | small molecule | DB14532 | Details | |||
| D538 | Cupric cation | small molecule | DB14552 | Details | |||
| D539 | Bismuth cation | small molecule | DB14572 | Details | |||
| D540 | Calcium cation | small molecule | DB14577 | Details | |||
| D541 | Cortisone | small molecule | DB14681 | Details | |||
| D542 | Dabigatran | small molecule | DB14726 | Details | |||
| D543 | Remdesivir | small molecule | DB14761 | Details | |||
| D544 | Venglustat | small molecule | DB14966 | Details | |||
| D545 | Abrocitinib | small molecule | DB14973 | Details | |||
| D546 | Ursolic acid | small molecule | DB15588 | Details |